Dokdo-or-Takeshima?: 問１　：　竹島／独島は、6世紀以来韓国の一部と言うのは本当?

4.8.08

問１　：　竹島／独島は、6世紀以来韓国の一部と言うのは本当?

Gerryの投稿の日本語訳です。原文はこちら ↓
Q1: Has Dokdo been a part of Korea since the sixth century?

答　：　韓国側は、竹島は新羅の時代(西暦512年)以来の韓国の領土の一部であると主張していますが、その主張を裏付けるいかなる地図も文献も韓国側には存在しません。にも関わらず彼等は証拠はあると言い、一例として「三國史記」（1145年）と言う文献をを提示します。

「三國史記」の中では、于山国は溟州の真東の島として描かれています。韓国側は、"于山国"は鬱陵島と独島/竹島(Liancourt Rocks)の二島を指しているといいます。しかしながら、鬱陵島は于山国の別名として言及がありますが、独島/竹島(Liancourt Rocks)については、いかなる名称としても言及されていないのです。実際、その記述にある方位と面積では一島でしかないのです。

左の地図は、韓国の国立図書館所蔵の、1600年代の地図帳「支那朝鮮古地圖」の中にあるもので、「新羅高勾麗百濟肇造區域之圖」と言う地図です。この地図では、朝鮮半島の東沖に、”羽山國今鬱陵島”と書かれた独立した一つの島が浮かんでいます。この地図は、于山国が二島ではなく一島であると考えられていた更なる証拠と言えます。

その後李朝朝鮮の時代になって、彼等は鬱陵島の約2.2km東沖に浮かぶ竹嶼（韓国名竹島）を発見しますが、鬱陵島東南沖92ｋｍにある独島/竹島(Liancourt Rocks)が于山国、鬱陵島、さらには韓国・朝鮮の一部であると考えられていた証拠は全くありません。以下は韓国大使館のウェブサイトに掲載されている「独島 : 6世紀以来の韓国領土」( PDF / HTML : 英語)からの引用で、独島/竹島(Liancourt Rocks)が六世紀から韓国の一部であったと主張しています。

1. 独島（竹島）はいつ韓国の領土の一部になったのか?

独島（竹島）に対する韓国の領有権は6世紀までさかのぼります。三國史記（1145年）によれば、韓国の主権は西暦512年の于山国の新羅編入により確立された。異斯夫と言う新羅の将軍が島国を服属させた。于山国の領土は鬱陵島と于山島（今日の竹島／独島）である…

さて、実際に「三國史記」に書かれたものを見ましょう。次に挙げるのは、韓国人が、独島は6世紀以来韓国の領土であることを立証すると主張する、三國史記の巻四新羅本記です。

十三年夏六月于山國歸服歲以土宜爲貢于山國在溟州正東海島或名鬱陵島地方一百里恃嶮不服伊飡異斯夫爲何瑟羅州軍主謂 “于山人愚悍難以威來可以計服” 乃多造木偶師子分載戰船抵其國海岸誑告曰 “汝若不服則放此猛獸踏殺之” 國人恐懼則降

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13年目(西暦512年)の夏の5月、于山国は降伏し、年に一度土地の名産を朝貢するようになった。于山国は溟州の真東の島であり欝陵島ともいう。面積は百里で、地形は険しく服従させるのは難しいという。

将軍の異斯夫が何瑟羅州の軍主になり、こう言った。「于山国の民は無知で野蛮で、軍事力で服従させることは困難なので、一計を案じよう。」そこで、彼は木製の猛獣の模型を作製して軍艦に分載し、「服従しなければ猛獣を放って踏み殺させてしまうぞ」と言って騙したところ、その国の人々は怯えてすぐに降伏した。

上記の訳から分かるように、独島/竹島(Liancourt Rocks)については、いかなる名称でも登場しません。単に于山国は溟州（現在の朝鮮東岸の江陵市）の真東の島であり欝陵島ともいう、ということだけです。このことは「三國史記」が独島/竹島(Liancourt Rocks)領有の証拠であると言う韓国側の主張を、否定するものです。

参照
 問２　：　鬱陵島の隣接島のうち、最大なのはどの島?
問３　：　なぜ韓国の古地図は鬱陵島を二つの島として描いているの?
問４　：　世宗実録地理志は竹島/Liancourt Rocks/独島について記述している?
問５　：　「新增東國輿地勝覽」(1530)は竹島/Liancourt Rocks/独島について記述している?

5 comments:

Gerry Bevers4/8/08 14:40
Kaneganese,

It looks great. Good job.
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pacifist4/8/08 14:49
Kaneganese,

ありがとうございます。ご苦労様でした!
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Kaneganese4/8/08 16:19
Thanks, guys

pacifist, if you find any mistake or you come up with better Japanese expression, let me know.
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helpfish6/8/08 03:41
Could anybody translate please?
Otherwise the Japanese will think that everybody (even the Koreans and the foreigners) agrees.
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Makoto16/10/09 16:51
愼鏞廈『史的解明』日本語版(23ページ)によると『三国史記』の新羅本紀智證王十三年条にある于山国の領域「百里」は「約120km」と付記されています。朝鮮里の１里は0.4kmだったと思います。とすると、百里は40kmですよね。『三国史記』の編纂された高麗時代には宋の度量衡に習ったとの指摘もありますが、それによっても55kmほどにしかなりません。「約120km」という数字がどこから出てきたのか。合理的説明が付けられるものなのでしょうか?

合理的な説明が付けられずに、仮に韓国語版でも120kmとされているのならば愼鏞廈氏による歪曲といえます。鬱陵島と竹島の距離は92Kmほどであり、40kmあるいは55kmとして古人が記録したのだとすると竹島を「独島」と称し512年から朝鮮領だとする韓国の主張は成り立たなくなります。そのことを隠蔽するための工作と見られても仕方がないでしょう。
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NE Shore of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도)

This satellite photo shows Ulleungdo's neighboring islands of Gwaneumdo (觀音島) and Jukdo (竹島) off Ulleungdo's east shore. Gwaneumdo is only about 100 meters offshore and looks more like a cape than an island. Jukdo is about 2 km offshore. The old Korean name for Jukdo was "Usando" (于山島), as many of Korea's old maps show. Koreans claim that Usando was Korea's old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but they have no documents or maps to prove it. Also, Liancourt Rocks is about ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo and are essentially two islands, but all of Korea's old maps show it as one island just off shore of Ulleungdo.

"Cheonggudo" (靑邱圖) Atlas (1860 - 1872)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed it with a small island off its eastern shore labeled as "Usan" (于山). Hash marks at the bottom of the map showed that Usan was less than 4 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. That would mean that it would be Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo, which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but Dokdo is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo and is essentially two islands, not one. The map is stored in the National Library of Korea.

"Cheonggudo" (靑邱圖) Atlas (1834)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed Usan (于山 - 우산) as a neighboring island just off Ulleungdo's east shore. The hash marks at the bottom of the map showed the island to be about 4 km offshore. Usando was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo, which is about 2.2 km of Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old Korean name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), which is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map and many others prove that claim false. The map is stored in Seoul National University's Kyujanggak Center for Korean Studies.

"Dong Yeodo" (東輿圖) Atlas (1795 - 1800)

This map showed Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a neighboring island labeled as "Usan" (于山 - 우산). Usando (于山島) was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), which is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map and many others prove that claim wrong. The map is stored in Japan's "University of Tsukuba Library" (筑波大学附属図書館).

"Joseon-do" (朝鮮圖) - 1800 - 1822

This map of Ullelungdo (鬱陵島) is from the Korean atlas "Joseon-do" (朝鮮圖), which is believed to have been made sometime between 1800 and 1822. Ulleungdo is shown with a neighboring island labeled as Usan (于山). Koreans claim that Usando (于山島) was the old Korean name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map and many others show that it was Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島), which is Ulleungdo's largest neighboring island and only two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. The map is stored in the Osaka Nakanoshima Library (中之島圖書館).

"Gwandong Bangyeo" (關東方輿) - late 1800s?)

This map of Ulleungdo comes from an atlas entitled "Gwandong Bangyeo" (關東方輿), which was probably made in the late 1800s since the map is very similarly to another map of Ulleungdo that was made between 1884 and 1894. The mapmaker used gridlines to help show relative size and distance. The map shows Ulleungdo with a small island off its east shore labeled as "Usan" (于山), which was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도). Jukdo is Ulleungdo's largest neighoring island and is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old Korean name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but they have no maps or documents to prove it. The map is stored in the Korean National Library.

"Joseon Jido" (朝鮮地圖) Atlas (1750 - 1768)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed "Usan" (于山 - 우산) as a neighboring island. The grid lines on the map helped show the small island's relative distance from Ulleungdo. Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Korean's claim that Usando was the old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but this map and many others prove that claim false.

Inspector's Map of Ulleungdo (1711)

The map is an inspector's map that showed Ulleungdo with an island off its east shore labeled as "the so-called Usando" (所謂于山島). The small island was also labeled as having "fields of haejang bamboo" (海長竹田). Koreans claim that Usando was Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map shows that it could not have been Dokdo since Dokdo is just rocks without the soil to grow haejang bamboo. Also, Usando was shown as a neighboring island of Ulleungdo, but Dokdo is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo. Stored in Seoul Nat'l University's Kyujanggak Institute of Korean Studies.

"Haejwa Jeondo" (海左全圖) - mid 1800s

This old Korean map showed Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a small neighboring island just off its east shore labeled as "Usan" (于山 - 우산). Koreans claim that Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map is evidence against the Korean claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands 92 kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but the Usan on this map is just off Ulleungdo's east shore and is only one island. In fact, Usando was the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is only two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore.

Carte de la Coree (1846)

This map was made iin 1846 by Kim Dae-geon (金大建), who was Korea's first Catholic priest. He made this map for the benefit of the French priest he works with. He was killed by the Joseon government the same year this map was made. The map shows Ulleungdo labeled in French as "Oulangto" and its neighboring island of Usando labeled as "Ousan." Koreans claim that Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rock), but this map shows Usando as one island just of the east shore of Ulleungdo. That tells us that Usando was almost certainly Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is only 2 kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. Also, this island could not have been Liancourt Rocks since Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands not one. The original of this map is stored in the National Library of France.

Joseon Jeondo (朝鮮全圖) from the "Gakdo Jido" (各道地圖) Atlas (latter 18th c.)

This old Korean map showed an island labeled as "Usando" (于山島 - 우산도) just off the east shore of Ulleundo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도). Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map is more evidence against that claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map shows Usando as one island just off Ulleungdo's east shore. Usando was, in fact, the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. This map is stored in Korea's Yeongnam University Museum.

"Joseon Jido" (朝鮮地圖) Atlas (1898)

"Donggyeong San Cheon - Paldo Jido (東京山川八道地圖) Atlas (date unknown)

"Jeongukdo" (全國圖) from the "Dongguk Daecheondo" (東國大全圖) - 1740

This old Korean map shows Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a small neighboring island just off its east shore labeled as "Usando" (于山島 - 우산도). Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo, but this map is evidence against that claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but the Usando on this map is one island just off the east shore of Ulleungdo. Usando was, in fact, the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. This map is stored in the Korean National Museum.

竹島問題の歴史

4.8.08

問１ ： 竹島／独島は、6世紀以来韓国の一部と言うのは本当?

5 comments:

問１　：　竹島／独島は、6世紀以来韓国の一部と言うのは本当?