Dokdo-or-Takeshima?: 1950 August: U.S. Draft of the Peace Treaty

16.8.08

1950 August: U.S. Draft of the Peace Treaty

History of San Francisco Peace Treaty: Part 6-C (Additional)

To follow is from the draft treaty which was made in August 1950.

[Thanks to けぺ]

CHAPTER II

SOVEREIGNTY

2. Subject to the provisions hereof and of any other relevant treaties, the Allied and Associated Powers accept the full sovereignty of the Japanese people, and their freely chosen representatives, over Japan and its territorial waters.

CHAPTER IV

TERRITORY

4. Japan recognizes the independence of Korea and will base its relation With Korea on the resolutions ,adopted by the United
Nations Assembly on December _, 1948

19 comments:

opp16/8/08 21:24
The object and meening of the CHAPTERII was mentioned by Mr. Allison at the US-UK meeting.

CHAPTER II.
Mr. Allison said that the American View was that our defining of the Japanese boundaries would have a bad psychological effect on the Japanese and emphasize the contraction of their country. The Americans would prefer a wording which emphasized the full sovereignty of Japan such territory as we should leave her and, exclude by name from her sovereignty and only such territory and islands as might be necessary to avoid confusion.
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pacifist16/8/08 23:05
けぺ様

Lots of thanks.
BTW, けぺ様はあのおっぺけぺ様でしょうか。違っていたらごめんなさい、
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opp16/8/08 23:24
そうです。gmailを登録した時の名前のまま放置してました。IDを設定しました。
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pacifist16/8/08 23:40
opp様

やっぱりそうでしたか！道理でお詳しいと思いました。
今後ともご指導のほどお願い申し上げます。
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pacifist16/8/08 23:48
opp様

今、イギリスとの交渉過程をまとめて一つの記事にして投稿しようと思案中なのですが、あのスティーヴ・バーバーのサイトではあたかもイギリスもニュージーランドもアメリカの案に反対したと書くことによって、暗に竹島日本帰属にも反対したと匂わせる書き方をしています。（はっきりそうとは書いていませんが）

しかし、イギリス案を読んでみると、ちゃんと最初から竹島も日本領に入れていますよね。領土の表記の仕方の違いで意見が食い違っただけのように思えるのですが、如何お考えでしょうか。よろしければご意見をお聞かせください。

また、結局署名した国はすべて条約原案を読んで賛成して署名しているわけですから、すべての署名国が竹島の日本帰属に反対していないと考えるのが妥当だと思えるのですが、この点は如何お考えですか。
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opp17/8/08 00:12
イギリス案は、竹島を韓国領にしてます。http://www.dokdo-takeshima.com/sf-treaty-limit.jpgはイギリス案についてた地図です。scapinがベースでしょうね。
>アメリカの案に反対した
「記述方式の変更（日本の領土規定から日本が放棄する規定）」に反対してたことを拡大解釈しているだけですね。上のアリソンのコメントにより、除外以外の島については日本の完全主権を認める意図が明らかになったわけですからその拡大解釈も成立しません。そもそも下関条約やポーツマス条約をみてもわかるとおり、割譲する領土として明記された以外の領土の法的地位は変更ないんですね。
>結局署名した国はすべて条約原案を読んで賛成して署名しているわけ
条約はウィーン条約法条約31条にもあるとおり「通常の用語の意味」で解釈しなければなりません。SF条約の「鬱稜島」という用語に一般的に竹島が含まれていた場合、竹島を放棄したことになるのですが、そんな事実はありません。当然、他国も通常の用語の意味に解釈して同意したものとみなされます。
「グリーランド」という言葉が東グリーンを含んでいたかどうか争われた判例です。参考になると思います。
http://www.worldcourts.com/pcij/eng/decisions/1933.04.05_greenland/
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opp17/8/08 00:31
東グリーランドのpdfのp29のThe Ordinance of 1758 and that of 1776・・・あたりから読んでください。

条約にある「鬱稜島（Dagelet）」に竹島は含まれないのは、SCAPINや条約草案で別の島として扱っていたこと、韓国の大使が鬱稜島とは別に竹島の放棄を要求した事実、日本が竹島を島根県の管轄にしていた事実から証明できます。
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pacifist17/8/08 00:53
opp様

英国案の原文では：
日本は北緯30度の線から北西の方向に北緯33度東経128度、それから北西にQuelpart（済州島）、福江島、北東に行き対馬と韓国の間、そしてその方向に進み南東に隠岐列島、北西に「竹島」、そして本州の沿岸に沿って北側の礼文、凡そ東経142度の宗谷海峡の東側を通ってそれから南東方向に海岸に平行に東経145°30分まで進み、およそ北緯44°30分で根室海峡に入り.....（略）の範囲内のすべての島と隣接する島嶼、岩を継続して領有する。

となっていて、領有の範囲を示す線の目印に使われているように思われるのですが、ここの記された地名は殆ど（済州島を除いて）日本の固有領土ですよね。それなら竹島も入るのでは・・と思ってしまうのですが、文の解釈がおかしいでしょうか。原文では隠岐列島も竹島も同じように扱われているように見えるのですが・・・。
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opp17/8/08 01:14
塚本氏の訳（国立国会図書館調査立法法考査局　レファレンス518）では、「・・朝鮮と対馬の間をとおり、引き続き同方向に隠岐列島を南東に竹島を北西にみて進み、・・・」としてますね。
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pacifist17/8/08 01:24
原文をよく読んでみると済州島と福江島の間とありますから、済州島は入らないですね。それから対馬と韓国の間を通って・・・（ここまではよいですよね）、そのあとが「continuing in this direction with the islands of Oki Retto to the south-east and Take-Sima to the north-west curving with the coast of Honshu」となっていて、ここには隠岐列島と竹島の間という表現はされていません。

直訳すれば「南東へは隠岐列島、北西には竹島を伴ってこの方向に続き、本州に沿ってカーブし・・」となり、竹島を除外するとは読めないのですが、如何ですか?
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pacifist17/8/08 01:33
opp様

なるほど「隠岐列島を南東に、竹島を北西に見て」なら確かにその線は隠岐列島と竹島の間を通っていると解釈できます。

南東、北西というのは説明している線から見ての方角であり、線より南東にある隠岐列島は線の範囲内、線の北西にある竹島は線の範囲外ということなのですね。

しかしこの表現で他国の人はTake-Shimaがどっちに入るの理解できるのでしょうか。
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Anonymous17/8/08 07:22
Pacifist,
I'd appreciate it if you could attach additional image(s) that include(s) "Chapter IV."
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opp17/8/08 07:25
誤解されないように地図（http://www.dokdo-takeshima.com/sf-treaty-limit.jpg）を添付予定だったものと思います。
あと、ウィキではUKの公文書のライセンスがよくわからないのでアップしてませんが原文画像はhttp://homepage2.nifty.com/oppekepe/takeshima/eng/work/sample/20_SF_Treaty/index.htmlにあります。スティーブは断りもなくコピーしてるようですが。あっ５月２日の米英協議分はないや。
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opp17/8/08 07:39
http://applis.servehttp.com/index.htmの00022405.lzhに5月2日の画像をアップしました。パスワードはtakeです。
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pacifist17/8/08 08:22
This comment has been removed by the author.
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pacifist17/8/08 08:28
opp様

opp様のサイトの中の地図はどこをクリックすれば見ることが出来るのでしょうか。（使わせていただいてよいですか？）
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pacifist17/8/08 08:33
brownie,

Please look at the following site;
http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?type=turn&entity=FRUS.FRUS1950v06.p1282&isize=M
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Anonymous17/8/08 08:39
pacifist, I got it. Thanks!
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opp17/8/08 08:59
地図に関してはマイクロでは確認したのですがコピーはしてないです。スティーブのサイトの地図は他のところから持ってきたのではないでしょうか。（ボルモ？）
地図の出典は、NARA RG59, Lot54 D423 Japanese peace treaty files of John Foster Dulles, Box 12, Treaty draft-May 3, 1951だと思います。そのうち、コピーしてきますね。
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NE Shore of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도)

This satellite photo shows Ulleungdo's neighboring islands of Gwaneumdo (觀音島) and Jukdo (竹島) off Ulleungdo's east shore. Gwaneumdo is only about 100 meters offshore and looks more like a cape than an island. Jukdo is about 2 km offshore. The old Korean name for Jukdo was "Usando" (于山島), as many of Korea's old maps show. Koreans claim that Usando was Korea's old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but they have no documents or maps to prove it. Also, Liancourt Rocks is about ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo and are essentially two islands, but all of Korea's old maps show it as one island just off shore of Ulleungdo.

"Cheonggudo" (靑邱圖) Atlas (1860 - 1872)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed it with a small island off its eastern shore labeled as "Usan" (于山). Hash marks at the bottom of the map showed that Usan was less than 4 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. That would mean that it would be Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo, which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but Dokdo is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo and is essentially two islands, not one. The map is stored in the National Library of Korea.

"Cheonggudo" (靑邱圖) Atlas (1834)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed Usan (于山 - 우산) as a neighboring island just off Ulleungdo's east shore. The hash marks at the bottom of the map showed the island to be about 4 km offshore. Usando was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo, which is about 2.2 km of Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old Korean name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), which is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map and many others prove that claim false. The map is stored in Seoul National University's Kyujanggak Center for Korean Studies.

"Dong Yeodo" (東輿圖) Atlas (1795 - 1800)

This map showed Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a neighboring island labeled as "Usan" (于山 - 우산). Usando (于山島) was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), which is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map and many others prove that claim wrong. The map is stored in Japan's "University of Tsukuba Library" (筑波大学附属図書館).

"Joseon-do" (朝鮮圖) - 1800 - 1822

This map of Ullelungdo (鬱陵島) is from the Korean atlas "Joseon-do" (朝鮮圖), which is believed to have been made sometime between 1800 and 1822. Ulleungdo is shown with a neighboring island labeled as Usan (于山). Koreans claim that Usando (于山島) was the old Korean name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map and many others show that it was Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島), which is Ulleungdo's largest neighboring island and only two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. The map is stored in the Osaka Nakanoshima Library (中之島圖書館).

"Gwandong Bangyeo" (關東方輿) - late 1800s?)

This map of Ulleungdo comes from an atlas entitled "Gwandong Bangyeo" (關東方輿), which was probably made in the late 1800s since the map is very similarly to another map of Ulleungdo that was made between 1884 and 1894. The mapmaker used gridlines to help show relative size and distance. The map shows Ulleungdo with a small island off its east shore labeled as "Usan" (于山), which was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도). Jukdo is Ulleungdo's largest neighoring island and is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old Korean name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but they have no maps or documents to prove it. The map is stored in the Korean National Library.

"Joseon Jido" (朝鮮地圖) Atlas (1750 - 1768)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed "Usan" (于山 - 우산) as a neighboring island. The grid lines on the map helped show the small island's relative distance from Ulleungdo. Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Korean's claim that Usando was the old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but this map and many others prove that claim false.

Inspector's Map of Ulleungdo (1711)

The map is an inspector's map that showed Ulleungdo with an island off its east shore labeled as "the so-called Usando" (所謂于山島). The small island was also labeled as having "fields of haejang bamboo" (海長竹田). Koreans claim that Usando was Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map shows that it could not have been Dokdo since Dokdo is just rocks without the soil to grow haejang bamboo. Also, Usando was shown as a neighboring island of Ulleungdo, but Dokdo is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo. Stored in Seoul Nat'l University's Kyujanggak Institute of Korean Studies.

"Haejwa Jeondo" (海左全圖) - mid 1800s

This old Korean map showed Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a small neighboring island just off its east shore labeled as "Usan" (于山 - 우산). Koreans claim that Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map is evidence against the Korean claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands 92 kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but the Usan on this map is just off Ulleungdo's east shore and is only one island. In fact, Usando was the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is only two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore.

Carte de la Coree (1846)

This map was made iin 1846 by Kim Dae-geon (金大建), who was Korea's first Catholic priest. He made this map for the benefit of the French priest he works with. He was killed by the Joseon government the same year this map was made. The map shows Ulleungdo labeled in French as "Oulangto" and its neighboring island of Usando labeled as "Ousan." Koreans claim that Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rock), but this map shows Usando as one island just of the east shore of Ulleungdo. That tells us that Usando was almost certainly Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is only 2 kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. Also, this island could not have been Liancourt Rocks since Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands not one. The original of this map is stored in the National Library of France.

Joseon Jeondo (朝鮮全圖) from the "Gakdo Jido" (各道地圖) Atlas (latter 18th c.)

This old Korean map showed an island labeled as "Usando" (于山島 - 우산도) just off the east shore of Ulleundo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도). Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map is more evidence against that claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map shows Usando as one island just off Ulleungdo's east shore. Usando was, in fact, the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. This map is stored in Korea's Yeongnam University Museum.

"Joseon Jido" (朝鮮地圖) Atlas (1898)

"Donggyeong San Cheon - Paldo Jido (東京山川八道地圖) Atlas (date unknown)

"Jeongukdo" (全國圖) from the "Dongguk Daecheondo" (東國大全圖) - 1740

This old Korean map shows Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a small neighboring island just off its east shore labeled as "Usando" (于山島 - 우산도). Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo, but this map is evidence against that claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but the Usando on this map is one island just off the east shore of Ulleungdo. Usando was, in fact, the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. This map is stored in the Korean National Museum.

竹島問題の歴史

16.8.08

1950 August: U.S. Draft of the Peace Treaty

19 comments: