A study of the territorial dispute between Japan and Korea over Liancourt Rocks, a small cluster of barren, rocky islets in the Sea of Japan that Japanese call Takeshima and Koreans call Dokdo.
The following are some pages from Japan's 1909 "Korean Fisheries Guide," which were posted HERE by Mr. Tanaka Kunitaka. If I can get a translation of the Ulleungdo section, I will add it to the post.
Map of Ulleungdo (1909 Korean Fisheries Guide)
Uldo (Ulleungdo) County (1909 Korean Fisheries Guide)
The map is called 「鬱陵島全図」 and there are Jukdo(竹嶼)and Kwannundo(鼠頂島 Sokouto=観音島) on the map.
On the first page, it clearly states that eastern limit of Ulleundo is 130°54′. And on p708-709, there are place name like 石門洞 (Sok-Mun) and 石亭浦(Chon-Sok-Po). You can see that the word 石 was pronounced as "Sok", not Tok or Dok on Ulleundo in those days.
It also states that Japanese found many squids around the island and started Squid fishery in 1903. Korean on Ulleundo mainly used to do only farming and all they did was collecting seaweeds for marine product, but Koreans under middle class learned from Japanese and started fishing squids three years ago (1906?).
Thank you, Kaneganese. I had been wondering when squid fishing started on Ulleungdo. Also, notice that it said that Koreans did not start fishing for squid until 1906, three years after the Japanese started. Why did the Koreans wait so long? I think it was because Koreans on Ulleungdo at the time were not equipped to do that kind of fishing, or any kind of deep-sea fishing, which would explain why they were working on Japanese fishing boats, instead of their own, at the beginning of the 20th century.
As other documents have shown, Koreans on Ulleungdo at the beginning of the 20th century were farmers, not fishermen, and, therefore, they had little reason and probably no means to travel beyond Ulleungdo to Liancourt Rocks (Dokdo/Takeshima). Even the Korean ships from the Cholla region, which visited Ulleungdo about once a year, apparently did not go there to fish. From what I have read, they went there to trade and to gather seaweed.
Documents like Japan's fishing guides are a great source of clues for understanding the situation on Ulleungdo at the turn of the 20th century. By the way, the fact that Korea did not publish such fishing guides is another clue telling us that Koreans were not deep-sea fishermen at the turn of the 20th century.
When one of my friends from kindergarten was a teacher of the school in coastal city of Hokkaido, she told me that she was very interested in the huge difference between the family of fishing industry and farming one. The family member who engage in fishing outer sea always prepare the worst every time their dads leave the house for work. If you are lucky, you could make a killing, but if you are not, you could lose everything, even their lives sometimes. It is always a gamble. On the other hand, farmers always have to plan what they are going to do next, or next year and so on. They are well-organized. Chosen dynasty disdained the fisheries because of the principle of basing a country's economy on agriculture by Confucianism. It is not surprising that Korean on Ulleundo didn't engage in "real" fishing since Chosen dynasty made them to immigrate from mainland to do farming, not fishing. Even in 1906 when they learned fishery from Japanese and finally started fishing squids around Ulleundo, but only "under the middle class" of them were engaged in fishing. Apparently, there must have been some sort of discrimination even among Korean residents on Ulleundo. Japanese fishermen testified that Japanese were hiring Korean women diver from Chejudo, not Ulleundo even in 1930's.
This original text from 方輿総誌(1860-1865 c.a.) 自叢石絶海而南十餘里可往?蘭窟矣卵島芋島甑島石島松島白島
also this is introduced in the 皇城新聞 1906.06.14 as old famous places.
and this seven small island is on the 大東方輿圖(See:nearby 歙谷） Map of 歙谷Hup-gok on 韓国水産誌 江原道's 歙谷郡 http://kindai.ndl.go.jp/BIImgFrame.php?JP_NUM=40034161&VOL_NUM=00003&KOMA=227&ITYPE=0
The map is called 「鬱陵島全図」 and there are Jukdo(竹嶼)and Kwannundo(鼠頂島 Sokouto=観音島) on the map.
ReplyDeleteOn the first page, it clearly states that eastern limit of Ulleundo is 130°54′.
And on p708-709, there are place name like 石門洞 (Sok-Mun) and 石亭浦(Chon-Sok-Po). You can see that the word 石 was pronounced as "Sok", not Tok or Dok on Ulleundo in those days.
It also states that Japanese found many squids around the island and started Squid fishery in 1903. Korean on Ulleundo mainly used to do only farming and all they did was collecting seaweeds for marine product, but Koreans under middle class learned from Japanese and started fishing squids three years ago (1906?).
Correction
ReplyDelete石亭浦(Chon-Sok-Po)
→
亭石浦(Chon-Sok-Po)
Thank you, Kaneganese. I had been wondering when squid fishing started on Ulleungdo. Also, notice that it said that Koreans did not start fishing for squid until 1906, three years after the Japanese started. Why did the Koreans wait so long? I think it was because Koreans on Ulleungdo at the time were not equipped to do that kind of fishing, or any kind of deep-sea fishing, which would explain why they were working on Japanese fishing boats, instead of their own, at the beginning of the 20th century.
ReplyDeleteAs other documents have shown, Koreans on Ulleungdo at the beginning of the 20th century were farmers, not fishermen, and, therefore, they had little reason and probably no means to travel beyond Ulleungdo to Liancourt Rocks (Dokdo/Takeshima). Even the Korean ships from the Cholla region, which visited Ulleungdo about once a year, apparently did not go there to fish. From what I have read, they went there to trade and to gather seaweed.
Documents like Japan's fishing guides are a great source of clues for understanding the situation on Ulleungdo at the turn of the 20th century. By the way, the fact that Korea did not publish such fishing guides is another clue telling us that Koreans were not deep-sea fishermen at the turn of the 20th century.
When one of my friends from kindergarten was a teacher of the school in coastal city of Hokkaido, she told me that she was very interested in the huge difference between the family of fishing industry and farming one. The family member who engage in fishing outer sea always prepare the worst every time their dads leave the house for work. If you are lucky, you could make a killing, but if you are not, you could lose everything, even their lives sometimes. It is always a gamble. On the other hand, farmers always have to plan what they are going to do next, or next year and so on. They are well-organized. Chosen dynasty disdained the fisheries because of the principle of basing a country's economy on agriculture by Confucianism. It is not surprising that Korean on Ulleundo didn't engage in "real" fishing since Chosen dynasty made them to immigrate from mainland to do farming, not fishing. Even in 1906 when they learned fishery from Japanese and finally started fishing squids around Ulleundo, but only "under the middle class" of them were engaged in fishing. Apparently, there must have been some sort of discrimination even among Korean residents on Ulleundo. Japanese fishermen testified that Japanese were hiring Korean women diver from Chejudo, not Ulleundo even in 1930's.
ReplyDeleteI found some easy misleadings about the Korean website(I cannt find the original pages).
ReplyDelete韓国水産誌 江原道 島嶼
｢第二章 江原道 (…) 本道の地は 北緯三十?度三十九分乃至三十九度十分, 東經百二十?度四十一分乃至百二十九度二十九分 間に位しで(…)東方一帶日本海に沿へり. (…)
島嶼は 國島, 牛島, 猪島, 荒島, 松島, 竹島 ※ , 無路島, 德山島, 卵島等ありで就中國島大なり. 竹島及無路島は箭竹の産地どしで名あり.｣
This original text from 方輿総誌(1860-1865 c.a.)
自叢石絶海而南十餘里可往?蘭窟矣卵島芋島甑島石島松島白島
also this is introduced in the 皇城新聞 1906.06.14 as old famous places.
and this seven small island is on the 大東方輿圖(See:nearby 歙谷）
Map of 歙谷Hup-gok on 韓国水産誌 江原道's 歙谷郡
http://kindai.ndl.go.jp/BIImgFrame.php?JP_NUM=40034161&VOL_NUM=00003&KOMA=227&ITYPE=0