Dokdo-or-Takeshima?: 1861年 - 金正浩「大東輿地圖」

30.12.07

1861年 - 金正浩「大東輿地圖」

Gerryの投稿の日本語訳です。原文はこちら↓(English)
1861 - Daedong Yeojido (大東輿地圖) - Ulleungdo

下に挙げたのは、金正浩「大東輿地図」(1861)に収録された鬱陵島の木版印刷地図です。この地図で興味深いのは、于山島が描かれていないことです。同じ製作者の「靑邱圖」(1834)の鬱陵島図には描かれているのに、です。

次の地図は、上の金正浩「大東輿地図」(1861)の鬱陵島図を元に作成されたと見られるものですが、鬱陵島に関する情報と共に、于山島が書き加えられている事にお気づきでしょうか。金正浩が1861年の「大東輿地図」を1864年になって改定したとすれば、地図はその改訂版の写しになるのでしょう。

この地図の上部に書かれた文章は1834年の「靑邱圖」にも書かれています。

英宗十一年江原監司趙最壽啓言盃(鬱)陵島地廣土沃有人居田他而其西又有于山島亦廣闊云則所謂西字與此各之在東相佐
英宗十一年(1735)江原道監司の趙最壽は国王への報告の際に「鬱陵島は土地が広く肥沃で住居や畑があります。その西の方に于山島があり、これもまた広く開けています。」と語っているが、いわゆる「西」の字は、(于山島が）この地図で東に位置しているのとは異なっている。

上の地図はLee Sang-tae氏の著作、「Historical Evidence of Korean Sovereignty over DOKDO」からの引用です。于山と記された島の下に、ご本人が "Usando (Dokdo)"と書き加えてあります。つまり、彼はこの隣接島が"独島" (竹島／Liancourt Rocks)であると主張しているわけです。しかしながらこの地図は、于山島を一つの島からなる島として描いており、この事からも于山島が"独島" (Liancourt Rocks)ではないことが分かります。"独島" (Liancourt Rocks)は鬱陵島の南東92ｋｍに位置する、主な2つの島からなる島だからです。一つの島ではないのです。これは韓国の学者が盲目的に証拠を無視し、"于山島"が"独島" (Liancourt Rocks)の古名であると主張する、いつものパターンなのです。しかしながら、この地図が示しているように、これも又、于山島が鬱陵島の隣接島に過ぎない事を示しているのです。

（訳者注：地図中の注の現代語訳はYabutarouさんによるものです。）

4 comments:

Kaneganese30/12/07 12:42
I wasn't perfectly sure if the script "英宗十一年江原監司趙最壽啓言盃(鬱)陵島地廣土沃有人居田他而其西又有于山島亦廣闊云則所謂西字與此各之在東相佐" is correct or not. I hope someone will check my 漢文, thanks.
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Kaneganese30/12/07 12:43
日本語の投稿ですので、日本語でも書きます。

"英宗十一年江原監司趙最壽啓言盃(鬱)陵島地廣土沃有人居田他而其西又有于山島亦廣闊云則所謂西字與此各之在東相佐"が、よく読めていないので、間違いがある可能性があります。お気づきの方はご指摘下さい。
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Anonymous30/12/07 14:51
「盃(鬱)陵島地廣土沃有人居田他」とあるのは「盃(鬱)陵島地廣土沃有人居田地」また「此各之在東相佐」は「此図之在東相佐」の間違いです。下の訳がよいでしょう。

英宗十一年(1735)江原道監司の趙最壽は国王への報告の際に「鬱陵島は土地が広く肥沃で住居や畑があります。その西の方に于山島があり、これもまた広く開けています。」と語っているが、いわゆる「西」の字は、(于山島が）この地図で東に位置しているのとは異なっている。

　「住居や畑があります」とある部分は大抵「人が居住した形跡がある」と訳すことが多いですがこの文章のもととなっている備辺司謄録に「而聞鬱陵島, 廣闊土沃, 曾有人居基址, 或有往來之痕」とあるのを考えれば、多分本来「有人居田址」とすべきところを「有人居田地」と書き間違えたのだと思います。
なので「住居や畑があります」の部分は「人が居住し畑を耕した形跡がある」にしたほうが当たり障りがないかもしれません。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
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Kaneganese30/12/07 15:05
Yabutarouさん

ご指摘ありがとうございました。早速訂正致しました。
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NE Shore of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도)

This satellite photo shows Ulleungdo's neighboring islands of Gwaneumdo (觀音島) and Jukdo (竹島) off Ulleungdo's east shore. Gwaneumdo is only about 100 meters offshore and looks more like a cape than an island. Jukdo is about 2 km offshore. The old Korean name for Jukdo was "Usando" (于山島), as many of Korea's old maps show. Koreans claim that Usando was Korea's old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but they have no documents or maps to prove it. Also, Liancourt Rocks is about ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo and are essentially two islands, but all of Korea's old maps show it as one island just off shore of Ulleungdo.

"Cheonggudo" (靑邱圖) Atlas (1860 - 1872)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed it with a small island off its eastern shore labeled as "Usan" (于山). Hash marks at the bottom of the map showed that Usan was less than 4 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. That would mean that it would be Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo, which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but Dokdo is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo and is essentially two islands, not one. The map is stored in the National Library of Korea.

"Cheonggudo" (靑邱圖) Atlas (1834)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed Usan (于山 - 우산) as a neighboring island just off Ulleungdo's east shore. The hash marks at the bottom of the map showed the island to be about 4 km offshore. Usando was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo, which is about 2.2 km of Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old Korean name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), which is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map and many others prove that claim false. The map is stored in Seoul National University's Kyujanggak Center for Korean Studies.

"Dong Yeodo" (東輿圖) Atlas (1795 - 1800)

This map showed Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a neighboring island labeled as "Usan" (于山 - 우산). Usando (于山島) was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), which is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map and many others prove that claim wrong. The map is stored in Japan's "University of Tsukuba Library" (筑波大学附属図書館).

"Joseon-do" (朝鮮圖) - 1800 - 1822

This map of Ullelungdo (鬱陵島) is from the Korean atlas "Joseon-do" (朝鮮圖), which is believed to have been made sometime between 1800 and 1822. Ulleungdo is shown with a neighboring island labeled as Usan (于山). Koreans claim that Usando (于山島) was the old Korean name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map and many others show that it was Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島), which is Ulleungdo's largest neighboring island and only two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. The map is stored in the Osaka Nakanoshima Library (中之島圖書館).

"Gwandong Bangyeo" (關東方輿) - late 1800s?)

This map of Ulleungdo comes from an atlas entitled "Gwandong Bangyeo" (關東方輿), which was probably made in the late 1800s since the map is very similarly to another map of Ulleungdo that was made between 1884 and 1894. The mapmaker used gridlines to help show relative size and distance. The map shows Ulleungdo with a small island off its east shore labeled as "Usan" (于山), which was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도). Jukdo is Ulleungdo's largest neighoring island and is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old Korean name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but they have no maps or documents to prove it. The map is stored in the Korean National Library.

"Joseon Jido" (朝鮮地圖) Atlas (1750 - 1768)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed "Usan" (于山 - 우산) as a neighboring island. The grid lines on the map helped show the small island's relative distance from Ulleungdo. Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Korean's claim that Usando was the old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but this map and many others prove that claim false.

Inspector's Map of Ulleungdo (1711)

The map is an inspector's map that showed Ulleungdo with an island off its east shore labeled as "the so-called Usando" (所謂于山島). The small island was also labeled as having "fields of haejang bamboo" (海長竹田). Koreans claim that Usando was Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map shows that it could not have been Dokdo since Dokdo is just rocks without the soil to grow haejang bamboo. Also, Usando was shown as a neighboring island of Ulleungdo, but Dokdo is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo. Stored in Seoul Nat'l University's Kyujanggak Institute of Korean Studies.

"Haejwa Jeondo" (海左全圖) - mid 1800s

This old Korean map showed Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a small neighboring island just off its east shore labeled as "Usan" (于山 - 우산). Koreans claim that Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map is evidence against the Korean claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands 92 kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but the Usan on this map is just off Ulleungdo's east shore and is only one island. In fact, Usando was the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is only two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore.

Carte de la Coree (1846)

This map was made iin 1846 by Kim Dae-geon (金大建), who was Korea's first Catholic priest. He made this map for the benefit of the French priest he works with. He was killed by the Joseon government the same year this map was made. The map shows Ulleungdo labeled in French as "Oulangto" and its neighboring island of Usando labeled as "Ousan." Koreans claim that Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rock), but this map shows Usando as one island just of the east shore of Ulleungdo. That tells us that Usando was almost certainly Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is only 2 kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. Also, this island could not have been Liancourt Rocks since Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands not one. The original of this map is stored in the National Library of France.

Joseon Jeondo (朝鮮全圖) from the "Gakdo Jido" (各道地圖) Atlas (latter 18th c.)

This old Korean map showed an island labeled as "Usando" (于山島 - 우산도) just off the east shore of Ulleundo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도). Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map is more evidence against that claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map shows Usando as one island just off Ulleungdo's east shore. Usando was, in fact, the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. This map is stored in Korea's Yeongnam University Museum.

"Joseon Jido" (朝鮮地圖) Atlas (1898)

"Donggyeong San Cheon - Paldo Jido (東京山川八道地圖) Atlas (date unknown)

"Jeongukdo" (全國圖) from the "Dongguk Daecheondo" (東國大全圖) - 1740

This old Korean map shows Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a small neighboring island just off its east shore labeled as "Usando" (于山島 - 우산도). Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo, but this map is evidence against that claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but the Usando on this map is one island just off the east shore of Ulleungdo. Usando was, in fact, the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. This map is stored in the Korean National Museum.

竹島問題の歴史

30.12.07

1861年 - 金正浩「大東輿地圖」

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