Dokdo-or-Takeshima?: 1894-1948 Korean territory (Revised version)

4.12.07

1894-1948 Korean territory (Revised version)

To follow is the change in eastern limit of Korean territory taken from various books from 1894 to 1948.
In this revised posting, we mention only eastern end of longitude to show the eastern limit of Korea. (Thanks to Kaneganese for her great help)

It is important to know that Korean eastern limit was 130 degree 33' - 58' and the newest one was 130 degree 56' 23", which indicates Jukdo of Ulleungdo was Eastern end of Korean territory.

Liancourt rocks, which locate at 131 degree 52' E. longitude, were not included in Korean territory.

(1) from "新撰朝鮮地理誌" edited by Ota Saijiro (大田才次郎) (1894):

130 degree 35' E. longitude
東経１３０度３５分

(2) from "朝鮮水路誌" (Chosun waterway journal) published by waterway section (November 1894):

130 degree 35' E.longitude
東経１３０度３５分

(3) from Isabella Lucy Bird's book "Korea and Her Neighbours":
(Isabella travelled Korea during 1894 - 1897)

130 degree 33' E. longitude
東経１３０度３３分
http://dokdo-or-takeshima.blogspot.com/2007/11/from-korea-and-her-neighbors-by.html

(4) from "大韓地誌" (1899):

130 degree 35' E. longitude
東経１３０度３５分
http://dokdo-or-takeshima.blogspot.com/2007/11/1894-1948-korean-territory.html

(5) from "朝鮮開化史" by 恒屋盛服 (1901):

130 degree 35' E. longitude
東経１３０度３５分

(6) from "韓海通漁指針" by 東京黒龍会葛生修吉 (1903):

130 dgree 35' E. longitude
東経１３０度３５分

(7) from "韓国地理" by 矢津昌永 (1904):

130 degree 58' E. longitude
東経１３０度５８分

(8) from "最新韓国実業指針" by 岩永重華 (1904):

130 degree 35' E. longitude
東経１３０度３５分

(9) from "日本民族の新發展場萬韓露領地誌" by 岡部福蔵 (1905):

130 degree 35' E. longitude
東経１３０度３５分

(10) from "韓国新地理" published from 博文館 (1905):

130 degree 58' E. longitude
東経１３０度５８分

(11) from "韓国水産業調査報告" by 農商務省水産局 (1906)

130 degree 35' E. longitude
東経１３０度３５分

(12) from "初等大韓地誌" by 安鍾和 (1907):

130 degree 58' E. longitude
東経１３０度５８分

(13) from "大韓新地志" by 張志淵 (1907):

130 degree 58' E. longitude
東経１３０度５８分

(14) from "初等大韓地誌" by 安鍾和柳瑾 (1908):

130 degree 58' E. longitude
東経１３０度５８分

(15) from "韓国水産誌" (1909):

130 degree 42' E. longitude
東経１３０度４２分

(16) from "地誌 (지지)" (1909):

130 degree 35' E. longitude
東経１３０度３５分

(17) from "最新朝鮮地誌" by 日韓書房編集部 (1912):

130 degree 54' E. longitude
東経１３０度５４分

(18) from "朝鮮現勢便覧"　(1935):

130 degree 56' 23" E. longitude
東経１３０度５６分２３秒
http://dokdo-or-takeshima.blogspot.com/2007/11/1894-1948-korean-territory.html

(19) from "朝鮮常識問答" (Qs& As about common sense of Chosun) 1947:

130 degree 56' 23" E. longitude
東経１３０度５６分２３秒
http://dokdo-or-takeshima.blogspot.com/2007/10/where-have-all-usandos-gone.html
(Please look at the item (14) of the above posting.)

(20) from "朝鮮常識" (Common sense of Chosun) 1948:

130 dgree 56' 23" E. longitude
東経１３０度５６分２３秒

16 comments:

Kaneganese4/12/07 00:49
Pacifist.

Thanks, it looks great!

From this list of Korean eastern limit, we can clealy tell that Westerners, Japanese and even Korean geographer clearly recognized 竹島/Liancourt Rocks was outside of Korean territory throughout 1894 - 1948.

But it is interesting that the description of the eastern limit had changed to start to include Ulleundo after 1905, the year Japan incorporated 竹島(Takeshima)/Liancourt Rocks into Shimane, Japan.
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pacifist4/12/07 01:00
Thanks Kaneganese.

So the chief of Ulleungdo's report in 1906 that says "Japan included our Dokdo" turned out to be a complete misunderstanding... or did he intentionally lie knowing it was not Korean territory?

Pro-Korean scholars used to say that Korea couldn't protest because Korea was controlled by Japan in 1906. Then why didn't they protest in 1894, 1901, 1904?

All the geographical books and texts indicated that Ulleungdo (and Jukdo) was the eastern limit of Korea. If they believed that "Dokdo" was their territory, why didn't they protest?
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GTOMR4/12/07 13:42
1904.09韓国地理矢津昌永　丸善
130"58'E
1906.韓国水産業調査報告　農商務省水産局，〔明３９〕
130"35'E

1909.03.25地誌 (지지)

大韓維我太祖高帝셔 距今五百十八年前壬申에 天命人心을 膺샤 高麗를 代興시고 都를 漢陽에 定시니라. 西北疆土를 漸益開拓야 鴨綠土門兩江으로 國界를 限며 東南西 大海로 環야 于山（卽今鬱島郡）耽羅（卽今濟州, 旌義, 大靜三郡） 鯨波中에 遠朝고 西南沿岸의 大小群島 星羅碁布니 極南（濟州島毛瑟浦은 北緯三十三度十五分에 起야 極北（咸鏡北道慶源府）은 四十二度二十五分에 止고 極西（黃海道長淵郡長山串） 東經（英國綠威司天臺의 線）百二十四度三十分에 起야 極東（俄國과 接界 豆滿江口）은 百三十度三十五分에 止고 渤海黃海와 日本海에 突出 半島國이라. 開國初에 國號를 朝鮮이라 定야 五百餘年을 遵行더니 維我太皇帝陛下光武元年（距今十三年前）에 大韓으로 改稱니라.
130"35'E
1909.慶尙南道鬱島郡地方狀況
一本島地方東西三十五里南北四十里東日本國隱岐縣海里一千里西三涉地海里八百里南釜山港海里一千里北元山港海里一千里
--->I dont know about the 地誌 in 1909 because it already linked out and I cannot refind it.Both of records means Liancourt Rocks is not included and it shows Korean had nothing inspection and georgaphy survey of Liancourt Rocks.(Just for post additional infomation　that listed in my files.)
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pacifist4/12/07 14:40
gtomr,

Thanks, I will add them later.
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Kaneganese4/12/07 14:57
GTOMR,

Great!

Pacifist wrote;
"So the chief of Ulleungdo's report in 1906 that says "Japan included our Dokdo" turned out to be a complete misunderstanding... or did he intentionally lie knowing it was not Korean territory?"

I think he misunderstood it with some mysterious flying island called Usando. He didn't even know where it is and it seems like he didn't know about 1900 Imperial Ordinance which he should have known as a head of the Ulleundo.

By the way, Chosu Ilbo reports that Korean found new document. I can't see the line "不因海気極清朗, 不登最高頂, 則不可見 " in the picture of the document though. Why don't they show the important part?

‘우산도’는 역시 독도였다
해양수산개발원 유미림 박사, 조선후기 박세당이 쓴 자료 발굴
“울릉도에서 정상 안오르면 우산도가 보이지 않아”…
‘우산도가 울릉도’라는 日 주장 뒤집어
http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2007/12/04/2007120400027.html
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Anonymous4/12/07 15:40
Boys, the Koreans knew were Dokdo was at least since 1900 this is recorded here.

Dokdo is Korean land

Even in 1904 it was recorded again Koreans knew of Dokdo in the Japanese Warship Niitaka's logbooks.

Dokdo Record

Saying Koreans didn't know of Liancourt Rocks before 1906 is a B.S. claim that can be debunked with only two documents.

The fact Shim Heung Taek gave the wrong distance shows he was a bad governor that's all.

It is also proof the Koreans did not consider Ulleungdo as the Eastern boundary of Chosun.
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Anonymous4/12/07 15:42
The 1901 record is here.

Black Dragon
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pacifist4/12/07 21:39
Steve Barber,

You should read the following for the truth in Niitaka's record:

http://dokdo-or-takeshima.blogspot.com/2007/10/1904-sep-25-first-record-of-dokdo-for.html

You wrote, "The fact Shim Heung Taek gave the wrong distance shows he was a bad governor that's all".
That's correct. The bad governor didn't know the eastern limit of his own country and misunderstood what Japanese officials told him.
You admit this...this is a progress.

After all, there is no ground for Koreans to say "Dokdo is ours".
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Anonymous4/12/07 21:53
Pacifist, Shim Heung Taek knew what "Dokdo" was. The name was common usage at about two years (at least) before the Japanese visited Ulleungdo in March of 1906.

Did you hear the news Pacifist? The Koreans just found a huge deposit of gas hydrate. Do you think Korea is going to risk this area at the ICJ just because the Japanese Military annexed it in 1905?

You are dreaming Pacifist!!

Read this and weep Japan
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GTOMR7/2/08 19:12
朝鮮移住案内
山本庫太郎著
東京：民友社，明３７．６(1904)
130"35'
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Kaneganese8/2/08 01:38
1894/07 110p 朝鮮志足立栗園　130°36′（東京：東経139ﾟ42'　を基本地として西経9°6′）
1910/12 315p 朝鮮新地誌足立栗園　130°58′
NDL
ReplyDelete
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GTOMR4/3/08 18:22
This comment has been removed by the author.
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GTOMR4/3/08 18:28
1875.地球説略訳解　リチャ－ド・クオ－タ－マン・ウェ－著，福田敬業訳
赤道の北34度に起こり四十三度に至る。
中華北京の扁東八度に起こり十八度にいたりてやむ。
1887.朝鮮八道誌　小松運編
百二十四度三十分に起こり百三十度三十五分にXく
1890.外国地理　高木怡荘著
北緯縦三十三度至四十三度　東経　縦百二十四度至百三十度
1891.受験応用万国小地誌　谷口流鶯著
北緯縦三十三度至四十三度　東経　縦百二十四度至百三十度

1894.新撰朝鮮国地図　林正著東京：加藤芳太郎，明２７．７
地図　竹島Argnaut 松島Dagelet
北緯自三十三度十五分至四十二度二十五分　東経百二十四度三十分＝百三十度三十五分　北緯自三十三度十五分至四十二度二十五分

1895.外国地誌　秋山四郎著
位置　朝鮮は亜細亜州の東部に突出する半島国にして、北緯三十三度十分より四十三ぢにいたり、東経百二十四度十分より百三十度四十分にいたる。
1899.新式万国地理　岩崎重三，池田鹿之助著
東経百二十四度三十分＝百三十度三十五分　北緯自三十三度十五分至四十二度二十五分
1900.新撰大地誌　前編（世界之部）山上万次郎著教師用参考書
西は東経百二十四度三十分なる小乳X角より東は東経百三十度三十五分なる図満江〔註：豆満江）の口に至る

1902.高等地理学講義　永田健助編百二十四度と四十度との間に跨り（我中国）…東経百二十四度より百三十一度に及び、長さ凡六百浬
1906.位置　東部亜細亜の半島国にして、北緯三十五度線は南部を、同42度線は北部を通過せり
1907.外国地理表解　小林杖吉著
東経自百二十四度十二分至百三十度三十五分　北緯自三十三度十分至四十二度二分
1911.朝鮮及南満洲地理教授備考
極東　鬱陵島東端　東経百三十度五十四分
1911.最新日本地理資料　井原儀著
極東　鬱陵島（松島）の東端　東経百三十度五十四分　
1911.大日本地理集成　矢津昌永等著，隆文館, 明４４．４十三度二分（豆門江の沿岸の永遠近傍）極南は北緯三十三度四十六分（済州島XX浦に当る）極東は東経百三十度五十八分〔豆門江の江口）極西は東経百二十五度五分〔小乳X角永山串）なり。
1912.最近朝鮮事情要覧　朝鮮総督府編　２版渡辺為蔵
東経百二十四度十三分より百三十度五十四分に至り、北緯三十三度十二分より四十三度二分ニ亘る
1912.小学地理教材　北垣恭次郎著東は同百三十度五十四分なる鬱陵島の東端に終わる。
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Kaneganese4/3/08 20:39
Awesome, GTOMR

I think we need to revise the post again soon. But one thing is clear. It was common knowledge for both Japanese and Korean and Westerners that the eastern limit of Choson was 130°35′～54′which exclude Takeshima/Liancourt Rocks/Dokdo from 1887 to 1948.
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Kaneganese18/3/08 23:31
1911 統監府農商工部「韓国通覧」
130°54′（鬱陵島東端）　北緯33°12′（済州島南端）

1902　武田鶯塘「新撰世界地理問答」 130°40′

NDL
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GTOMR22/3/08 03:24
1906 edition.大韓地誌
P1　東経130度35分
P203　江原道　島嶼　鬱陵島X東海X在X大島X島中央X在X一峯X中峯XX名XXX樹林X鬱蒼X規木X香木等X著名XXX

1909.最新高等大韓地誌
P2東経124度30分起130度35分至東慶尚南道鬱島郡鬱陵島
P78鬱島
P123江原道　島嶼　往来XX鬱陵島X東海X大島XX島X中央X一峯X中峯XXXX規木X香木等X著名XXXX
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NE Shore of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도)

This satellite photo shows Ulleungdo's neighboring islands of Gwaneumdo (觀音島) and Jukdo (竹島) off Ulleungdo's east shore. Gwaneumdo is only about 100 meters offshore and looks more like a cape than an island. Jukdo is about 2 km offshore. The old Korean name for Jukdo was "Usando" (于山島), as many of Korea's old maps show. Koreans claim that Usando was Korea's old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but they have no documents or maps to prove it. Also, Liancourt Rocks is about ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo and are essentially two islands, but all of Korea's old maps show it as one island just off shore of Ulleungdo.

"Cheonggudo" (靑邱圖) Atlas (1860 - 1872)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed it with a small island off its eastern shore labeled as "Usan" (于山). Hash marks at the bottom of the map showed that Usan was less than 4 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. That would mean that it would be Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo, which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but Dokdo is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo and is essentially two islands, not one. The map is stored in the National Library of Korea.

"Cheonggudo" (靑邱圖) Atlas (1834)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed Usan (于山 - 우산) as a neighboring island just off Ulleungdo's east shore. The hash marks at the bottom of the map showed the island to be about 4 km offshore. Usando was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo, which is about 2.2 km of Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old Korean name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), which is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map and many others prove that claim false. The map is stored in Seoul National University's Kyujanggak Center for Korean Studies.

"Dong Yeodo" (東輿圖) Atlas (1795 - 1800)

This map showed Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a neighboring island labeled as "Usan" (于山 - 우산). Usando (于山島) was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), which is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map and many others prove that claim wrong. The map is stored in Japan's "University of Tsukuba Library" (筑波大学附属図書館).

"Joseon-do" (朝鮮圖) - 1800 - 1822

This map of Ullelungdo (鬱陵島) is from the Korean atlas "Joseon-do" (朝鮮圖), which is believed to have been made sometime between 1800 and 1822. Ulleungdo is shown with a neighboring island labeled as Usan (于山). Koreans claim that Usando (于山島) was the old Korean name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map and many others show that it was Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島), which is Ulleungdo's largest neighboring island and only two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. The map is stored in the Osaka Nakanoshima Library (中之島圖書館).

"Gwandong Bangyeo" (關東方輿) - late 1800s?)

This map of Ulleungdo comes from an atlas entitled "Gwandong Bangyeo" (關東方輿), which was probably made in the late 1800s since the map is very similarly to another map of Ulleungdo that was made between 1884 and 1894. The mapmaker used gridlines to help show relative size and distance. The map shows Ulleungdo with a small island off its east shore labeled as "Usan" (于山), which was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도). Jukdo is Ulleungdo's largest neighoring island and is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old Korean name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but they have no maps or documents to prove it. The map is stored in the Korean National Library.

"Joseon Jido" (朝鮮地圖) Atlas (1750 - 1768)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed "Usan" (于山 - 우산) as a neighboring island. The grid lines on the map helped show the small island's relative distance from Ulleungdo. Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Korean's claim that Usando was the old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but this map and many others prove that claim false.

Inspector's Map of Ulleungdo (1711)

The map is an inspector's map that showed Ulleungdo with an island off its east shore labeled as "the so-called Usando" (所謂于山島). The small island was also labeled as having "fields of haejang bamboo" (海長竹田). Koreans claim that Usando was Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map shows that it could not have been Dokdo since Dokdo is just rocks without the soil to grow haejang bamboo. Also, Usando was shown as a neighboring island of Ulleungdo, but Dokdo is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo. Stored in Seoul Nat'l University's Kyujanggak Institute of Korean Studies.

"Haejwa Jeondo" (海左全圖) - mid 1800s

This old Korean map showed Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a small neighboring island just off its east shore labeled as "Usan" (于山 - 우산). Koreans claim that Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map is evidence against the Korean claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands 92 kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but the Usan on this map is just off Ulleungdo's east shore and is only one island. In fact, Usando was the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is only two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore.

Carte de la Coree (1846)

This map was made iin 1846 by Kim Dae-geon (金大建), who was Korea's first Catholic priest. He made this map for the benefit of the French priest he works with. He was killed by the Joseon government the same year this map was made. The map shows Ulleungdo labeled in French as "Oulangto" and its neighboring island of Usando labeled as "Ousan." Koreans claim that Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rock), but this map shows Usando as one island just of the east shore of Ulleungdo. That tells us that Usando was almost certainly Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is only 2 kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. Also, this island could not have been Liancourt Rocks since Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands not one. The original of this map is stored in the National Library of France.

Joseon Jeondo (朝鮮全圖) from the "Gakdo Jido" (各道地圖) Atlas (latter 18th c.)

This old Korean map showed an island labeled as "Usando" (于山島 - 우산도) just off the east shore of Ulleundo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도). Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map is more evidence against that claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map shows Usando as one island just off Ulleungdo's east shore. Usando was, in fact, the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. This map is stored in Korea's Yeongnam University Museum.

"Joseon Jido" (朝鮮地圖) Atlas (1898)

"Donggyeong San Cheon - Paldo Jido (東京山川八道地圖) Atlas (date unknown)

"Jeongukdo" (全國圖) from the "Dongguk Daecheondo" (東國大全圖) - 1740

This old Korean map shows Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a small neighboring island just off its east shore labeled as "Usando" (于山島 - 우산도). Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo, but this map is evidence against that claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but the Usando on this map is one island just off the east shore of Ulleungdo. Usando was, in fact, the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. This map is stored in the Korean National Museum.

竹島問題の歴史

4.12.07

1894-1948 Korean territory (Revised version)

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