Dokdo-or-Takeshima?: 1711 - 朴昌錫「鬱陵島圖形」

5.12.07

1711 - 朴昌錫「鬱陵島圖形」

Gerryの投稿の日本語訳です。原文はこちら↓(English)
1711 - Bak Chang-seok's (朴昌錫) Map of Ulleungdo

下の地図は朴昌錫が1711年に行った鬱陵島検察の後に描いたとされる「鬱陵島圖形」です。韓国国際文化大学大学院Lee Sang-tae教授の「Hstorical Evidence of Korean Sovereighnty over Dokdo」という書籍を写したものです。この地図はこの竹島論争において特に重要です。というのは、この地図は于山島を鬱陵島の東岸に隣接島として描いているだけではなく、"海長竹田（海長竹の竹林）"がある、と記述しているからです。この海長竹とは、7メートルにも成長する種類の竹で、しかも竹島/Liancourt Rocksは竹林が成長できる土壌のない島ですから、地図に描かれた于山島が"独島（竹島/Liancourt Rocks）"である可能性をこの地図は全否定するのです。

地図が于山島を鬱陵島のすぐ東の沖に竹林を持つ単独の島として描いているのにも関わらず、この本の著者であるLee Sang-tae教授は、地図の于山島のすぐ横に"独島"と書きこんでいます。これは、韓国の学者が"独島"のことになると如何に盲目になってしまうか、のよい例です。独島/竹島/Liancourt Rocksはそもそも二つの大きな不毛な岩で構成される鬱陵島から92ｋｍ南東にある島なのです。

拡大図で漢字(「海長竹田所謂于山島」)がよく読めます。

1694年、この地図が作成される16年前に張漢相が鬱陵島を検察しています。その報告書の中で、彼はこう書きました。

（鬱陵島の）東約2ｋｍの処に小さな島がある。それは大きくも高くもなく、海長竹が一面に生えている。
（原文）
東方五里許有一小島不甚高大海長竹叢生於一面

検察使の張漢相も、鬱陵島東2ｋｍ沖に小さな島があることを書いています。この小さな島はほぼ確実に1711年の地図の于山島だと考えられます。

現在の鬱陵島の東沖約2.2ｋｍの所に、竹嶼(韓国名　竹島)があり、そこにはいまだに背の高い竹が生えています。1711年の朴昌錫の地図の于山島と1694年の張漢相の報告にある小さな島は、明らかに"独島"を指していません。その代わり、ほぼ確実に現在の鬱陵島の隣接島である竹嶼を指していることは間違いありません。（1711年の検察報告についてはこちらを参照→1711年鬱稜島に派遣された検察官朴昌錫の残した碑文）

1711年の検察は安龍福の事件の後に行われました。つまり、安のいう于山島とは、結局鬱陵島の隣接島である竹嶼であり、竹島/Liancourt Rocks/独島では無いということになります。

1711年の地図の左側には次のような文章が載っています。

辛卯(1711)の年の5月14日、倭船倉（日本人の船倉庫）から待風所へ向かった。後代の為の指標として一句読まれ、木に刻まれ、東に向かう岩の上に建立された。

青々とした遥かなる海を将軍は桂舟で渡ってきた。生涯忠誠心を持った人物であり、困難であっても憂えることは無い。
捜討官：折衡將軍三陟營將兼水軍僉節制使朴昌錫、軍官折衡朴省三、金壽元、倭學(日本語通訳) 朴命逸

（原文）
辛卯五月十四日自倭舡倉移舟待風所拙書
一句以標日後(刻立卯岩木於方上)萬里滄溟外將軍駕桂舟平生伏忠信履險自無漫搜討官折衡將軍三陟營將兼水軍僉節制使朴昌錫軍官折衡朴省三金壽元倭學朴命逸

この句は、鬱陵島の古地図の多くにその存在が示されている標識に刻まれていたものであるようです。

7 comments:

Gerry Bevers5/12/07 01:57
Wow, Kaneganese. That was fast. I posted the map, and the next thing I know is you have a translation up. Great job.
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pacifist5/12/07 07:19
Kaneganese,

Great job indeed.

Just a correction:
地図の下の文章の３行目、「以下に」は「如何に」ですよね。

それにしても、お疲れ様でした。
ReplyDelete
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Kaneganese5/12/07 10:46
Thank you, Gerry.

Thank you, pacifist!

I'll correct it right away.
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pacifist5/12/07 12:04
Kaneganese,

Thanks for the swift correction!
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Anonymous5/12/07 17:36
Korea's new evidence
http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2007/12/04/2007120400027.html
(Korean)

http://kimura-nobuo.cocolog-nifty.com/laboratory/2007/12/hy_0a25.html
(Japanese)

Kaneganese
GOOD JOB!!
ReplyDelete
Replies
Kaneganese5/12/07 19:10
Thank you, Ponta.

We were just talking about it here and Gerry gave us the same sentences with missing pages. And it turned out to be a sham as always.

It seems like the book itself was found newly, but the passages are not newly known at all. And more importantly, it is not Usando which can only be seen from high mountain with a clear weather, but it was Ulleundo itself. it clearly tells this. They didn't show the next pages and cut sentence short ("不因海氣極淸朗不登最高頂則不可見鬱陵稍")since it will reveal the truth. They shot their own foot again.
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Anonymous6/12/07 02:44
Kaneganese
Oh!　Okay.
Thanks kaneganese.
And Pacifist, I saw your new post ご苦労さま
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NE Shore of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도)

This satellite photo shows Ulleungdo's neighboring islands of Gwaneumdo (觀音島) and Jukdo (竹島) off Ulleungdo's east shore. Gwaneumdo is only about 100 meters offshore and looks more like a cape than an island. Jukdo is about 2 km offshore. The old Korean name for Jukdo was "Usando" (于山島), as many of Korea's old maps show. Koreans claim that Usando was Korea's old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but they have no documents or maps to prove it. Also, Liancourt Rocks is about ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo and are essentially two islands, but all of Korea's old maps show it as one island just off shore of Ulleungdo.

"Cheonggudo" (靑邱圖) Atlas (1860 - 1872)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed it with a small island off its eastern shore labeled as "Usan" (于山). Hash marks at the bottom of the map showed that Usan was less than 4 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. That would mean that it would be Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo, which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but Dokdo is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo and is essentially two islands, not one. The map is stored in the National Library of Korea.

"Cheonggudo" (靑邱圖) Atlas (1834)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed Usan (于山 - 우산) as a neighboring island just off Ulleungdo's east shore. The hash marks at the bottom of the map showed the island to be about 4 km offshore. Usando was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo, which is about 2.2 km of Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old Korean name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), which is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map and many others prove that claim false. The map is stored in Seoul National University's Kyujanggak Center for Korean Studies.

"Dong Yeodo" (東輿圖) Atlas (1795 - 1800)

This map showed Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a neighboring island labeled as "Usan" (于山 - 우산). Usando (于山島) was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), which is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map and many others prove that claim wrong. The map is stored in Japan's "University of Tsukuba Library" (筑波大学附属図書館).

"Joseon-do" (朝鮮圖) - 1800 - 1822

This map of Ullelungdo (鬱陵島) is from the Korean atlas "Joseon-do" (朝鮮圖), which is believed to have been made sometime between 1800 and 1822. Ulleungdo is shown with a neighboring island labeled as Usan (于山). Koreans claim that Usando (于山島) was the old Korean name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map and many others show that it was Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島), which is Ulleungdo's largest neighboring island and only two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. The map is stored in the Osaka Nakanoshima Library (中之島圖書館).

"Gwandong Bangyeo" (關東方輿) - late 1800s?)

This map of Ulleungdo comes from an atlas entitled "Gwandong Bangyeo" (關東方輿), which was probably made in the late 1800s since the map is very similarly to another map of Ulleungdo that was made between 1884 and 1894. The mapmaker used gridlines to help show relative size and distance. The map shows Ulleungdo with a small island off its east shore labeled as "Usan" (于山), which was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도). Jukdo is Ulleungdo's largest neighoring island and is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old Korean name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but they have no maps or documents to prove it. The map is stored in the Korean National Library.

"Joseon Jido" (朝鮮地圖) Atlas (1750 - 1768)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed "Usan" (于山 - 우산) as a neighboring island. The grid lines on the map helped show the small island's relative distance from Ulleungdo. Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Korean's claim that Usando was the old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but this map and many others prove that claim false.

Inspector's Map of Ulleungdo (1711)

The map is an inspector's map that showed Ulleungdo with an island off its east shore labeled as "the so-called Usando" (所謂于山島). The small island was also labeled as having "fields of haejang bamboo" (海長竹田). Koreans claim that Usando was Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map shows that it could not have been Dokdo since Dokdo is just rocks without the soil to grow haejang bamboo. Also, Usando was shown as a neighboring island of Ulleungdo, but Dokdo is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo. Stored in Seoul Nat'l University's Kyujanggak Institute of Korean Studies.

"Haejwa Jeondo" (海左全圖) - mid 1800s

This old Korean map showed Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a small neighboring island just off its east shore labeled as "Usan" (于山 - 우산). Koreans claim that Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map is evidence against the Korean claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands 92 kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but the Usan on this map is just off Ulleungdo's east shore and is only one island. In fact, Usando was the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is only two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore.

Carte de la Coree (1846)

This map was made iin 1846 by Kim Dae-geon (金大建), who was Korea's first Catholic priest. He made this map for the benefit of the French priest he works with. He was killed by the Joseon government the same year this map was made. The map shows Ulleungdo labeled in French as "Oulangto" and its neighboring island of Usando labeled as "Ousan." Koreans claim that Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rock), but this map shows Usando as one island just of the east shore of Ulleungdo. That tells us that Usando was almost certainly Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is only 2 kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. Also, this island could not have been Liancourt Rocks since Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands not one. The original of this map is stored in the National Library of France.

Joseon Jeondo (朝鮮全圖) from the "Gakdo Jido" (各道地圖) Atlas (latter 18th c.)

This old Korean map showed an island labeled as "Usando" (于山島 - 우산도) just off the east shore of Ulleundo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도). Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map is more evidence against that claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map shows Usando as one island just off Ulleungdo's east shore. Usando was, in fact, the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. This map is stored in Korea's Yeongnam University Museum.

"Joseon Jido" (朝鮮地圖) Atlas (1898)

"Donggyeong San Cheon - Paldo Jido (東京山川八道地圖) Atlas (date unknown)

"Jeongukdo" (全國圖) from the "Dongguk Daecheondo" (東國大全圖) - 1740

This old Korean map shows Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a small neighboring island just off its east shore labeled as "Usando" (于山島 - 우산도). Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo, but this map is evidence against that claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but the Usando on this map is one island just off the east shore of Ulleungdo. Usando was, in fact, the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. This map is stored in the Korean National Museum.

竹島問題の歴史

5.12.07

1711 - 朴昌錫「鬱陵島圖形」

7 comments: