Dokdo-or-Takeshima?: c1865 French map of Korea (Coree)

3.7.08

c1865 French map of Korea (Coree)

This is a map made by French missions to Korea, whcih was published in Paris in circa 1865. (Coree, par les Missionnaires de Coree de la Societe des Missions Etrangeres.)

There is a name of R.Hausermann, an engraver, at the left bottom of the map.

[This map is from the Osaka University Library.]

Please compare with the 1855 map, which depicted Ulleungdo (Oulangto) and Usan (Oosan) in traditional Korean way.

http://dokdo-or-takeshima.blogspot.com/2008/07/1855-french-map-of-korea-coree.html

This map may be the basis of the 1880 map as the shape of the peninsula and islands are similar.

http://dokdo-or-takeshima.blogspot.com/2008/05/1880-r-hausermanns-map-of-korea.html

Sorry, I tried to make it possible for readers to click to enlarge the map but it didn't work well.

Please visit here to see the map in large size:

http://www.library.osaka-u.ac.jp/tenji/maps/img0026.jpg

7 comments:

Kaneganese4/7/08 13:43
Thank you, pacifist

I think maps by French missionay are very important resources in order to understand situation.

Great job.
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pacifist4/7/08 14:56
Thanks Kaneganese,

You are right. I'm interested in those French missions and missionaries too. I've heard many of them died young.

http://www.geocities.jp/rainichi20051/Other_Countries/chosen.txt
(Written in Japanese)

Many French missionaries died in Korea, especially around 1850-1860's. It was mainly due to the 1866 massacre of French missionaries.

"In 1866, reacting to greater numbers of Korean converts to Caholicism as well as the humiliations suffered by China at the hands of Westerners during the Opium Wars, the Korean court clamped down on the illicit French missionaries, massacring French Catholic missionaries and Koreans converts alike".(from Wiki)

BTW, as to Andre Kim, Korean priest who made the map, Wiki mentions as the following:

"In September 1846, the French Admiral Jean-Baptiste Cécille sailed to Korea in order to obtain the release of an imprisoned Korean priest named André Kim, but Kim was soon executed."

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French-South_Korean_relations

As to the French Campaign agaist Korea, Wiki mentions:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Campaign_against_Korea,_1866

"As a result of the Korean dragnet all but three of the dozen French missionaries were captured and executed. An untold number of Korean Catholics also met their end (estimations run around 10,000),[4] many being executed a place called Jeoldu-san in Seoul on the banks of the Han River".
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Anonymous6/7/08 14:05
A very interesting Koean map is introduced at this blog
http://blog.goo.ne.jp/takeshima-2005/
http://blogimg.goo.ne.jp/user_image/39/7b/188fb590ce3846947d212280ba92a895.jpg

This Korean map describes as "鬱陵于山両島　天気清明蔚三両地登高皆見(We can see both Usando and Ulleungdo from 蔚珍 and 三陟 at the fine day)".
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pacifist6/7/08 16:49
opp,

Thanks, the Korean map which describes that both of Ulleungdo and Usan were visible from Korean peninsula is interesting.
(May I introduce this topic as a new post?)

Unfortunately, I couldn't see the second map somehow.
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GTOMR17/7/09 11:48
There are the Carte de Coree on 1870 which excluded Liancourt Rocks.
La Carte de Coree
Dokdo museum?

Compare the Carte You posted here and there Carte de Coree (1874)
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pacifist18/7/09 00:24
Thanks GTOMR,

This is an important map too.

But why do they store such a map which denies Korea's claim in Dokdo Museum?
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GTOMR18/7/09 01:09
Pacifist

Sorry, It was my misunderstaindings.
The website is KORDI,Korean Maritime Institute (国土海洋部韓国海洋研究院国立水産科学院国立海洋調査院)"East Sea Study devision Website.

I thought they have "dokdo"adress so I misunderstood it was the Dokdo Propaganda Museum.

But.Ironically most of their map shows "Sea of Japan".
It is all denied Korean claim that the name of Sea of Japan is Japan's expansionism or colonism oriented name.
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NE Shore of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도)

This satellite photo shows Ulleungdo's neighboring islands of Gwaneumdo (觀音島) and Jukdo (竹島) off Ulleungdo's east shore. Gwaneumdo is only about 100 meters offshore and looks more like a cape than an island. Jukdo is about 2 km offshore. The old Korean name for Jukdo was "Usando" (于山島), as many of Korea's old maps show. Koreans claim that Usando was Korea's old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but they have no documents or maps to prove it. Also, Liancourt Rocks is about ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo and are essentially two islands, but all of Korea's old maps show it as one island just off shore of Ulleungdo.

"Cheonggudo" (靑邱圖) Atlas (1860 - 1872)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed it with a small island off its eastern shore labeled as "Usan" (于山). Hash marks at the bottom of the map showed that Usan was less than 4 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. That would mean that it would be Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo, which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but Dokdo is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo and is essentially two islands, not one. The map is stored in the National Library of Korea.

"Cheonggudo" (靑邱圖) Atlas (1834)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed Usan (于山 - 우산) as a neighboring island just off Ulleungdo's east shore. The hash marks at the bottom of the map showed the island to be about 4 km offshore. Usando was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo, which is about 2.2 km of Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old Korean name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), which is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map and many others prove that claim false. The map is stored in Seoul National University's Kyujanggak Center for Korean Studies.

"Dong Yeodo" (東輿圖) Atlas (1795 - 1800)

This map showed Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a neighboring island labeled as "Usan" (于山 - 우산). Usando (于山島) was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), which is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map and many others prove that claim wrong. The map is stored in Japan's "University of Tsukuba Library" (筑波大学附属図書館).

"Joseon-do" (朝鮮圖) - 1800 - 1822

This map of Ullelungdo (鬱陵島) is from the Korean atlas "Joseon-do" (朝鮮圖), which is believed to have been made sometime between 1800 and 1822. Ulleungdo is shown with a neighboring island labeled as Usan (于山). Koreans claim that Usando (于山島) was the old Korean name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map and many others show that it was Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島), which is Ulleungdo's largest neighboring island and only two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. The map is stored in the Osaka Nakanoshima Library (中之島圖書館).

"Gwandong Bangyeo" (關東方輿) - late 1800s?)

This map of Ulleungdo comes from an atlas entitled "Gwandong Bangyeo" (關東方輿), which was probably made in the late 1800s since the map is very similarly to another map of Ulleungdo that was made between 1884 and 1894. The mapmaker used gridlines to help show relative size and distance. The map shows Ulleungdo with a small island off its east shore labeled as "Usan" (于山), which was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도). Jukdo is Ulleungdo's largest neighoring island and is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old Korean name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but they have no maps or documents to prove it. The map is stored in the Korean National Library.

"Joseon Jido" (朝鮮地圖) Atlas (1750 - 1768)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed "Usan" (于山 - 우산) as a neighboring island. The grid lines on the map helped show the small island's relative distance from Ulleungdo. Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Korean's claim that Usando was the old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but this map and many others prove that claim false.

Inspector's Map of Ulleungdo (1711)

The map is an inspector's map that showed Ulleungdo with an island off its east shore labeled as "the so-called Usando" (所謂于山島). The small island was also labeled as having "fields of haejang bamboo" (海長竹田). Koreans claim that Usando was Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map shows that it could not have been Dokdo since Dokdo is just rocks without the soil to grow haejang bamboo. Also, Usando was shown as a neighboring island of Ulleungdo, but Dokdo is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo. Stored in Seoul Nat'l University's Kyujanggak Institute of Korean Studies.

"Haejwa Jeondo" (海左全圖) - mid 1800s

This old Korean map showed Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a small neighboring island just off its east shore labeled as "Usan" (于山 - 우산). Koreans claim that Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map is evidence against the Korean claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands 92 kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but the Usan on this map is just off Ulleungdo's east shore and is only one island. In fact, Usando was the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is only two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore.

Carte de la Coree (1846)

This map was made iin 1846 by Kim Dae-geon (金大建), who was Korea's first Catholic priest. He made this map for the benefit of the French priest he works with. He was killed by the Joseon government the same year this map was made. The map shows Ulleungdo labeled in French as "Oulangto" and its neighboring island of Usando labeled as "Ousan." Koreans claim that Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rock), but this map shows Usando as one island just of the east shore of Ulleungdo. That tells us that Usando was almost certainly Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is only 2 kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. Also, this island could not have been Liancourt Rocks since Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands not one. The original of this map is stored in the National Library of France.

Joseon Jeondo (朝鮮全圖) from the "Gakdo Jido" (各道地圖) Atlas (latter 18th c.)

This old Korean map showed an island labeled as "Usando" (于山島 - 우산도) just off the east shore of Ulleundo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도). Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map is more evidence against that claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map shows Usando as one island just off Ulleungdo's east shore. Usando was, in fact, the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. This map is stored in Korea's Yeongnam University Museum.

"Joseon Jido" (朝鮮地圖) Atlas (1898)

"Donggyeong San Cheon - Paldo Jido (東京山川八道地圖) Atlas (date unknown)

"Jeongukdo" (全國圖) from the "Dongguk Daecheondo" (東國大全圖) - 1740

This old Korean map shows Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a small neighboring island just off its east shore labeled as "Usando" (于山島 - 우산도). Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo, but this map is evidence against that claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but the Usando on this map is one island just off the east shore of Ulleungdo. Usando was, in fact, the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. This map is stored in the Korean National Museum.

竹島問題の歴史

3.7.08

c1865 French map of Korea (Coree)

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