Dokdo-or-Takeshima?: 1751 - 1763: Takeshima Zusetsu" (竹島図説)

3.6.07

1751 - 1763: Takeshima Zusetsu" (竹島図説)

The following is a translation of the "Takeshima Zusetsu" (竹島図説), which means "Explanation of Takeshima with Figures/Maps." It was published in the Horeki era (1751-1763). Please note that Matsushima (Liancourt rocks) was called "Oki's Matsushima." This shows that Matsushima was considered a part of Oki county even after the prohibition of voyages to Ulleungdo in 1696.

There is an island about 40 ri north of the west island of Matsushima in Oki county. It is called Takeshima. This island is close to Japan and next to Joseon and is shaped like a triangle. It's circumference is about 15 ri.
...

The distance from Hakushu's Yonago to Takeshima is about 160 ri by sea. One should go from Yonago to Izumo, and then through Oki’s Matsushima to get to Takeshima. They say that the distance from Oki’s Fukushima to Matsushima is 60 ri by sea, and from Matsushima to Takeshima is 40 ri.

The above information is from documents written when Yonago residents Kyuemon Oya and Ichibee Murakawa replied to questions by the government in 1724.

「隠岐国松島ノ西島ヨリ海上道規凡四十里許リ北方ニ一島アリ名テ竹島ト曰
フ此ノ島日本ニ接シ朝鮮ニ隣シ地形三角ニシテ周囲凡ソ十五里許リ

（中略）

伯州米子ヨリ竹島マテ海上道規百六十里許アリ米子ヨリ出雲ヘ出隠岐ノ松
島ヲ歴テ竹島ニ至ルナリ但隠岐ノ福島ヨリ松島マテ
海上道規六十里許松島ヨリ竹島マテ四十里許ト云也
以上ノ諸説ハ享保九申辰年官府江府ノ叩問ニ依テ米子ノ市人大谷九右衛門村川

市兵衛カ貴答ノ上書ニ原ケリ」

15 comments:

pacifist3/6/07 12:00
Gerry,

The first translation had a little mistake. It was "west island" of Matsushima (Liancourt rocks), not the west of Matsushima. I corrected it.
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Gerry Bevers3/6/07 12:27
Pacifist,

Do you have a link to the map that was being explained?
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pacifist3/6/07 13:42
Gerry,

Unfortunately I don't have the map, although the title of the book indicates the book included maps or figures.
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pacifist3/6/07 14:06
Gerry,

Thanks for correcting my English.
But I think 「竹島図説」 means "The book of Takeshima explaining with some figures (or maps)", which don't mean it always include maps.

図(zu) means a chart, a picture, a drawing, an illustartion, a figure, a diagram, a graph etc. And a map (地図) is one of them.
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Gerry Bevers3/6/07 15:00
Pacifist,

I have added a map to the post that I think is being described. Can you confirm it?
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Gerry Bevers3/6/07 15:23
Pacifist,

Actually, the following map on Opp's site seems to fit the description better than the one I posted.

Link to Opp's Site

What do you think?
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pacifist3/6/07 17:56
Gerry, Kaneganese,

Yes, I agree that the map is closer to the depiction in the book. As the information in the book was from Murakawa and Oya and the map may have been drawn by Murakawa or Oya in the 18th century, so the source of the information should be the same, although we can't decide that the map was included in the book.

So how about to write that this map is closer to the depiction and that perhaps it may have been made in the same period?

BTW, I just took a look at 竹島考証 at the Japan Center for Asian Historical Records (アジア歴史資料センター), it didn't include maps except one at the Volume III. It is interesting that the map was attached to the article about the Matsushima (Ulleungdo) and another island. It said that a small rock called Takeshima at the north of Ulleungdo and the map attached shows 竹嶼 (Jukdo). So the two islands Meiji government gave up were definitely Ulleungdo and Jukdo, not Liancourt rocks.
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pacifist3/6/07 18:02
Gerry & Kaneganese,

The second map (in the link) looks closer to the depiction because the distances between Oki to Matsushima, Matsushima to Takeshima are the same as the depiction in the book.
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Kaneganese3/6/07 18:28
I agree. The map Gerry linked to says it is 60-ri from Oki to Matsushima, on the other hand the added one says 70-ri.

I am going to add the links to your post.

By the way, some of the links to the map on Mr.Tanaka's site does'nt work properly. Maybe we should apply to each institute to get a permission to put them on this site directly later. Is it possible to put the lots of maps, Gerry? Do you have spaces? I can apply the permission myself. (I may be sound strict, but I think it is better to do properly.)(By the way, I accessed to this site from Apple Center in Ginza this afternoon, and when I clicked those map links, the access was denied because of "adults contents". What the...?
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pacifist3/6/07 18:32
Gerry,

About 竹島考証, it is available from Tanaka's site too. It is interesting to read, you can see how Meiji government was confused with an effect of western maps (Argonaut and Dagelet).

Kaneganese, why don't we use this map (it may be rather sketch than map)?
http://www.tanaka-kunitaka.net/takeshima/2a343tan1649-1881/51.jpg

This sketch (map?) was attached to the No.24 article.
The article before it (No.23 article) referred to the small island called Takeshima that Amagi saw in 1880, saying "Although there is a small island at north of it (Matsushima = Ulleungdo), we came to know that it was merely a rock and mystery for years disappeared, I put the figure to the left of this text". But there is no figure, I doubt the figure for the No.24 maybe figure for the No.23 article. If it is so, "Takeshima" should be Jukdo.
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Gerry Bevers3/6/07 18:48
Kaneganese,

If you link to Tanaka's map, you should link to the page just before the map to avoid being sent to that silly Yahoo advertisement.

Pacifist & Kaneganese,

So, I should probably remove the map I posted to the post, right?
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pacifist3/6/07 18:58
Kaneganese, Gerry

I found that the maps in my posting, six maps are not available now - (6), (9), (12), (15), (16), (17), although others can be seen. These maps includes three maps that depicted Liancourt rocks...isn't this some pro-Korean people's prank?
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Kaneganese3/6/07 19:25
Pacifist,

In no.24, it also says 「即左の図面の如し」. So it is possible no.23 & 24 referred to same map and that is why they attached it next to no.24 and omit after no.23?

And yes, we need to add the map(sketch) to the list. So what is the name of this should be?

Gerry,

Thank you for the information, I will change the links to the map.
And maybe, you should replace the map, I guess. But in any case, we should note that the map is not directly from the document. But it is a great help for the readers if the relating map is available.
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Kaneganese3/6/07 22:08
Pacifist,

As Gerry said, some of maps on
Tanaka-san's site should not be directly linked to. I checked the page just before the maps. I will change the urls for my postings.

（６）朝鮮東海岸図"Map of East Coast of Chosun" （Japan,Waterway department of navy 1876)
http://www.geocities.jp/tanaka_kunitaka/takeshima/korea_eastcoast-1876/

（９）日本本州九州及四国附朝鮮 "Japan Mainland Kyushu Shikoku with Chosun"（Japan, Navy　1891）
http://www.geocities.jp/tanaka_kunitaka/takeshima/honshukyushukorea-1891/

（１２）朝鮮輿地図"Map of Chosun" （Japan, Jotaro Shimizu, 1894)
http://www.geocities.jp/tanaka_kunitaka/takeshima/chosenyochizu-1894/
(document no.s)

（１４）朝鮮全図 "Whole Chosun Map" （Japan, Tokyo Earth Science Association, 1894）
http://www.geocities.jp/tanaka_kunitaka/takeshima/tokyo-1894/

（１５）朝鮮全岸 "All Coasts of Chosun" （Japan, Waterway department of navy, 1896）
http://www.geocities.jp/tanaka_kunitaka/takeshima/koreacoast-1896/

（１６）亜細亜東部輿地図 "Map of East Part of Asia"（Japan, Rikitaro Kawai, 1898）
http://www.geocities.jp/tanaka_kunitaka/takeshima/asiaeast-1898/

（１７）朝鮮全図 "Whole Chosun Map" （Japan, Bunjiro Koto, 1903）
http://www.geocities.jp/tanaka_kunitaka/takeshima/koto-bunjiro/
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ace_ventura26/4/11 03:04
I remember Kaneganese saying there are apparently over 100 Matsushimas in japan.

and 10 near Oki island..

Gerry... ask Kaneganese

do you still think this post makes any sense?
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NE Shore of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도)

This satellite photo shows Ulleungdo's neighboring islands of Gwaneumdo (觀音島) and Jukdo (竹島) off Ulleungdo's east shore. Gwaneumdo is only about 100 meters offshore and looks more like a cape than an island. Jukdo is about 2 km offshore. The old Korean name for Jukdo was "Usando" (于山島), as many of Korea's old maps show. Koreans claim that Usando was Korea's old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but they have no documents or maps to prove it. Also, Liancourt Rocks is about ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo and are essentially two islands, but all of Korea's old maps show it as one island just off shore of Ulleungdo.

"Cheonggudo" (靑邱圖) Atlas (1860 - 1872)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed it with a small island off its eastern shore labeled as "Usan" (于山). Hash marks at the bottom of the map showed that Usan was less than 4 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. That would mean that it would be Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo, which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but Dokdo is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo and is essentially two islands, not one. The map is stored in the National Library of Korea.

"Cheonggudo" (靑邱圖) Atlas (1834)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed Usan (于山 - 우산) as a neighboring island just off Ulleungdo's east shore. The hash marks at the bottom of the map showed the island to be about 4 km offshore. Usando was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo, which is about 2.2 km of Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old Korean name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), which is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map and many others prove that claim false. The map is stored in Seoul National University's Kyujanggak Center for Korean Studies.

"Dong Yeodo" (東輿圖) Atlas (1795 - 1800)

This map showed Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a neighboring island labeled as "Usan" (于山 - 우산). Usando (于山島) was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), which is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map and many others prove that claim wrong. The map is stored in Japan's "University of Tsukuba Library" (筑波大学附属図書館).

"Joseon-do" (朝鮮圖) - 1800 - 1822

This map of Ullelungdo (鬱陵島) is from the Korean atlas "Joseon-do" (朝鮮圖), which is believed to have been made sometime between 1800 and 1822. Ulleungdo is shown with a neighboring island labeled as Usan (于山). Koreans claim that Usando (于山島) was the old Korean name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map and many others show that it was Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島), which is Ulleungdo's largest neighboring island and only two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. The map is stored in the Osaka Nakanoshima Library (中之島圖書館).

"Gwandong Bangyeo" (關東方輿) - late 1800s?)

This map of Ulleungdo comes from an atlas entitled "Gwandong Bangyeo" (關東方輿), which was probably made in the late 1800s since the map is very similarly to another map of Ulleungdo that was made between 1884 and 1894. The mapmaker used gridlines to help show relative size and distance. The map shows Ulleungdo with a small island off its east shore labeled as "Usan" (于山), which was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도). Jukdo is Ulleungdo's largest neighoring island and is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old Korean name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but they have no maps or documents to prove it. The map is stored in the Korean National Library.

"Joseon Jido" (朝鮮地圖) Atlas (1750 - 1768)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed "Usan" (于山 - 우산) as a neighboring island. The grid lines on the map helped show the small island's relative distance from Ulleungdo. Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Korean's claim that Usando was the old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but this map and many others prove that claim false.

Inspector's Map of Ulleungdo (1711)

The map is an inspector's map that showed Ulleungdo with an island off its east shore labeled as "the so-called Usando" (所謂于山島). The small island was also labeled as having "fields of haejang bamboo" (海長竹田). Koreans claim that Usando was Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map shows that it could not have been Dokdo since Dokdo is just rocks without the soil to grow haejang bamboo. Also, Usando was shown as a neighboring island of Ulleungdo, but Dokdo is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo. Stored in Seoul Nat'l University's Kyujanggak Institute of Korean Studies.

"Haejwa Jeondo" (海左全圖) - mid 1800s

This old Korean map showed Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a small neighboring island just off its east shore labeled as "Usan" (于山 - 우산). Koreans claim that Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map is evidence against the Korean claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands 92 kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but the Usan on this map is just off Ulleungdo's east shore and is only one island. In fact, Usando was the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is only two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore.

Carte de la Coree (1846)

This map was made iin 1846 by Kim Dae-geon (金大建), who was Korea's first Catholic priest. He made this map for the benefit of the French priest he works with. He was killed by the Joseon government the same year this map was made. The map shows Ulleungdo labeled in French as "Oulangto" and its neighboring island of Usando labeled as "Ousan." Koreans claim that Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rock), but this map shows Usando as one island just of the east shore of Ulleungdo. That tells us that Usando was almost certainly Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is only 2 kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. Also, this island could not have been Liancourt Rocks since Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands not one. The original of this map is stored in the National Library of France.

Joseon Jeondo (朝鮮全圖) from the "Gakdo Jido" (各道地圖) Atlas (latter 18th c.)

This old Korean map showed an island labeled as "Usando" (于山島 - 우산도) just off the east shore of Ulleundo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도). Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map is more evidence against that claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map shows Usando as one island just off Ulleungdo's east shore. Usando was, in fact, the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. This map is stored in Korea's Yeongnam University Museum.

"Joseon Jido" (朝鮮地圖) Atlas (1898)

"Donggyeong San Cheon - Paldo Jido (東京山川八道地圖) Atlas (date unknown)

"Jeongukdo" (全國圖) from the "Dongguk Daecheondo" (東國大全圖) - 1740

This old Korean map shows Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a small neighboring island just off its east shore labeled as "Usando" (于山島 - 우산도). Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo, but this map is evidence against that claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but the Usando on this map is one island just off the east shore of Ulleungdo. Usando was, in fact, the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. This map is stored in the Korean National Museum.

竹島問題の歴史

3.6.07

1751 - 1763: Takeshima Zusetsu" (竹島図説)

15 comments: