Dokdo-or-Takeshima?: 幕府の「渡航禁制令」（1696年）

3.6.07

幕府の「渡航禁制令」（1696年）

以下は1696年に幕府が竹島（欝陵島）渡航を禁止した際の通達です。文書にはLiancourt rocks（当時は松島）が含まれていないことにご注目ください。

先年松平新太郎因州伯州領知ノ節相窺之伯州米子ノ町人村川市兵衛大屋甚吉竹島ヘ渡海至干今雖致漁候向後竹島ヘ渡海ノ儀制禁可申付旨被仰出ノ由可被存其趣候恐々謹言
正月二十八日
土屋相模守
戸田山城守
安部豊後守
大久保加賀守
Link to English Translation

11 comments:

Makoto30/9/09 01:14
韓国側の認識では「竹島(松島)は鬱陵島(竹島)の属島である。したがって鬱陵島が朝鮮領なら竹島も朝鮮領だ」と主張するわけです。独島学会のまとめた「独島に対する日本の領有権主張が誤りである理由」でもしつこくこの点を主張しています。この主張は堀和生の「1905年日本の竹島領土編入」(『朝鮮史研究会論文集』No.24,1987.3緑蔭書房,pp97-125)と同一と言っていいように感じました。そこでなんですが、この考え方は堀が朝鮮の考え方を踏襲しているのでしょうか、それとも韓国が堀の考えに触発されているのでしょうか。
ReplyDelete
Replies
Kaneganese30/9/09 13:47
確か、堀和生氏の論文が元になっていたと記憶しています。（たとえ石島の意であったとしても）属島でないので独島（Lonely island）と漢字表記されていたわけでしょうに。つまり、大韓帝国時代の韓国人自ら鬱陵島の属島であることを否定しているのですが…言っていて恥ずかしく思わないのでしょうか?
ReplyDelete
Replies
Makoto1/10/09 01:48
Kaneganese さん、ありがとうございます。

堀の主張に韓国の論者が乗っているわけですね。とするならば、堀論文を徹底的に叩く必要があるように思います。当該論文の写しを入手して読んでいるのですが、突っ込みどころ満載です。一言で言って、言っていることとやっていることが違いすぎます。たとえば、「領土紛争の解決は国際法による」としておきながら、国際法の観点からの検証がなされていません。「紛争についての事実認識自体に共通の基盤がなければならない」として論を進めるのですが、事実に立脚した論証を進めるのでなく「歴史認識」の話に議論を捻じ曲げています。認識レベルの話、すなわち主観的な話にしてしまうのですから学術的な論議にならないのは当然なのではないかと感じました。堀和生の「1905年日本の竹島領土編入」(『朝鮮史研究会論文集』No.24,1987.3緑蔭書房,pp97-125)の検討はすでに終えられているのでしょうか?
ReplyDelete
Replies
Kaneganese1/10/09 14:33
山座・牧・肝付ら明治政府陰謀説も彼が発端だったと思います。同じ経済史学者で陰謀説を採用する立場でも、内藤正中氏はまだ韓国に竹島が1905年以前に韓国領土であった証拠が無いことを認めている点ではまだましかもしれませんね（だからこそ陰謀説に固執せざるを得ないのでしょうけど）。堀氏は韓国側の主張を全く検証せずに事実としているので、国際法云々以前に歴史学者としてもそもそも失格ですね。
ReplyDelete
Replies
GTOMR1/10/09 15:28
そもそも1905年以前に朝鮮側が竹島を鬱陵島地方の範囲内であると認めた記述はないですから。

https://sites.google.com/site/takeshimaliancourt/Home/koreansrecognizationofullengdodistrict
ReplyDelete
Replies
Kaneganese1/10/09 23:49
GTOMRさん

リンク先、地図が見れないのですが、長百餘里廣六十里の地図、他にもあるんですね。今、ゲーリーとこの標記について最新の投稿の中で話しています。どう思われますか?
ReplyDelete
Replies
GTOMR2/10/09 02:17
1899.禹用鼎を鬱陵島視察委員に任命復命書においても、

長可為七十里　廣可為四十里とあるので、
長は東西距離
廣は南北距離
と考えられます。
ReplyDelete
Replies
Kaneganese2/10/09 15:41
GTOMRさん

ありがとうございます。
ReplyDelete
Replies
Makoto3/10/09 03:25
「朝鮮の認識していた鬱陵島の範囲」は良い資料ですね。こういう資料は学会誌などに投稿して掲載してもらうべきです。商業誌だと韓国も妄言だとかいって大騒ぎするでしょうが、学術誌ですと騒ぎにくいのではないでしょうか。(全く騒がないという意味ではありません。少しは騒ぐでしょうが大騒ぎにならないといった意味です。)

こういう客観的な資料で事実を明らかにしていくことで相手を追いつめられると日本人は考えがちですが、韓国人の思考回路は日本人のそれとは違うように思えます。日本人にとって歴史は学問の一部ですが、韓国人にとっての歴史は政治と同義なのだと思わずにはいられません。何が事実かでなくて、勝てるかどうか、自分が生き残っていけるかどうかが問題であって、そのためには何をやってもいいと思っている節があるようです。囲碁にしろ将棋にしろ、あるいは柔道や剣道にしても、日本の文化は負けを認めた相手にはそれなりの敬意をもった対応をするをよしとしています。一方韓国では負けを認めることは死を意味しますからね。死んでも鞭打つようなことを平気でする文化ですから。事実はどうあれ負けを認めないことが勝つことにつながるとDNAレベルで刷り込まれているのではないかと思わざるを得ないのです。(お気づきかと思いますが政治の在り方も違いますね。日本のそれが利害調整型であるのに対し、韓国では党争そのものであり勝負に勝つために策をめぐらすことが政治なのです。この違いを日本の政治家は理解しているのだろうか。利害調整型の政治屋はいいようにあしらわれてしまうようです。その結果が竹島の現状を招いているわけで……。)
足して2で割るような調整型の対応では問題解決は難しいですね。むしろ、こちらに理のあることをまくしたてた方が良いようで。ということで日本は学校教育の中で韓国の主張が誤りである理由をもっと丁寧に指導していく必要があるのではないでしょうか。

それはともかく、この竹島渡海禁止令は字義通り竹島(鬱陵島)への渡海の禁止を命じたものであって、領土をいじるような話でないことは確かなようです。とすると韓国の言う「鬱陵島・独島＝朝鮮の領土の再確認」は妄想でしかないようですね。それとも「鬱陵島・独島＝朝鮮の領土の再確認」を確かめられる史料があるのかしらん。そんな史料があるのなら韓国は自慢げに示すはずですけど、そんなこともないのでやっぱり「鬱陵島・独島＝朝鮮の領土の再確認」は妄想なのかな。
ReplyDelete
Replies
potcy24/8/11 23:27
USA knows what country owns this tiny Takeshima. Korea should appear in the international Court of Justice. Korea loudly speaks out about Dokdo, but they never say yes to come to the Court. Guess why.
ReplyDelete
Replies
potcy24/8/11 23:27
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDelete
Replies

Add comment

Note: Only a member of this blog may post a comment.

Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)

NE Shore of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도)

This satellite photo shows Ulleungdo's neighboring islands of Gwaneumdo (觀音島) and Jukdo (竹島) off Ulleungdo's east shore. Gwaneumdo is only about 100 meters offshore and looks more like a cape than an island. Jukdo is about 2 km offshore. The old Korean name for Jukdo was "Usando" (于山島), as many of Korea's old maps show. Koreans claim that Usando was Korea's old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but they have no documents or maps to prove it. Also, Liancourt Rocks is about ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo and are essentially two islands, but all of Korea's old maps show it as one island just off shore of Ulleungdo.

"Cheonggudo" (靑邱圖) Atlas (1860 - 1872)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed it with a small island off its eastern shore labeled as "Usan" (于山). Hash marks at the bottom of the map showed that Usan was less than 4 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. That would mean that it would be Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo, which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but Dokdo is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo and is essentially two islands, not one. The map is stored in the National Library of Korea.

"Cheonggudo" (靑邱圖) Atlas (1834)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed Usan (于山 - 우산) as a neighboring island just off Ulleungdo's east shore. The hash marks at the bottom of the map showed the island to be about 4 km offshore. Usando was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo, which is about 2.2 km of Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old Korean name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), which is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map and many others prove that claim false. The map is stored in Seoul National University's Kyujanggak Center for Korean Studies.

"Dong Yeodo" (東輿圖) Atlas (1795 - 1800)

This map showed Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a neighboring island labeled as "Usan" (于山 - 우산). Usando (于山島) was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), which is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map and many others prove that claim wrong. The map is stored in Japan's "University of Tsukuba Library" (筑波大学附属図書館).

"Joseon-do" (朝鮮圖) - 1800 - 1822

This map of Ullelungdo (鬱陵島) is from the Korean atlas "Joseon-do" (朝鮮圖), which is believed to have been made sometime between 1800 and 1822. Ulleungdo is shown with a neighboring island labeled as Usan (于山). Koreans claim that Usando (于山島) was the old Korean name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map and many others show that it was Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島), which is Ulleungdo's largest neighboring island and only two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. The map is stored in the Osaka Nakanoshima Library (中之島圖書館).

"Gwandong Bangyeo" (關東方輿) - late 1800s?)

This map of Ulleungdo comes from an atlas entitled "Gwandong Bangyeo" (關東方輿), which was probably made in the late 1800s since the map is very similarly to another map of Ulleungdo that was made between 1884 and 1894. The mapmaker used gridlines to help show relative size and distance. The map shows Ulleungdo with a small island off its east shore labeled as "Usan" (于山), which was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도). Jukdo is Ulleungdo's largest neighoring island and is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old Korean name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but they have no maps or documents to prove it. The map is stored in the Korean National Library.

"Joseon Jido" (朝鮮地圖) Atlas (1750 - 1768)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed "Usan" (于山 - 우산) as a neighboring island. The grid lines on the map helped show the small island's relative distance from Ulleungdo. Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Korean's claim that Usando was the old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but this map and many others prove that claim false.

Inspector's Map of Ulleungdo (1711)

The map is an inspector's map that showed Ulleungdo with an island off its east shore labeled as "the so-called Usando" (所謂于山島). The small island was also labeled as having "fields of haejang bamboo" (海長竹田). Koreans claim that Usando was Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map shows that it could not have been Dokdo since Dokdo is just rocks without the soil to grow haejang bamboo. Also, Usando was shown as a neighboring island of Ulleungdo, but Dokdo is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo. Stored in Seoul Nat'l University's Kyujanggak Institute of Korean Studies.

"Haejwa Jeondo" (海左全圖) - mid 1800s

This old Korean map showed Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a small neighboring island just off its east shore labeled as "Usan" (于山 - 우산). Koreans claim that Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map is evidence against the Korean claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands 92 kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but the Usan on this map is just off Ulleungdo's east shore and is only one island. In fact, Usando was the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is only two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore.

Carte de la Coree (1846)

This map was made iin 1846 by Kim Dae-geon (金大建), who was Korea's first Catholic priest. He made this map for the benefit of the French priest he works with. He was killed by the Joseon government the same year this map was made. The map shows Ulleungdo labeled in French as "Oulangto" and its neighboring island of Usando labeled as "Ousan." Koreans claim that Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rock), but this map shows Usando as one island just of the east shore of Ulleungdo. That tells us that Usando was almost certainly Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is only 2 kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. Also, this island could not have been Liancourt Rocks since Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands not one. The original of this map is stored in the National Library of France.

Joseon Jeondo (朝鮮全圖) from the "Gakdo Jido" (各道地圖) Atlas (latter 18th c.)

This old Korean map showed an island labeled as "Usando" (于山島 - 우산도) just off the east shore of Ulleundo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도). Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map is more evidence against that claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map shows Usando as one island just off Ulleungdo's east shore. Usando was, in fact, the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. This map is stored in Korea's Yeongnam University Museum.

"Joseon Jido" (朝鮮地圖) Atlas (1898)

"Donggyeong San Cheon - Paldo Jido (東京山川八道地圖) Atlas (date unknown)

"Jeongukdo" (全國圖) from the "Dongguk Daecheondo" (東國大全圖) - 1740

This old Korean map shows Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a small neighboring island just off its east shore labeled as "Usando" (于山島 - 우산도). Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo, but this map is evidence against that claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but the Usando on this map is one island just off the east shore of Ulleungdo. Usando was, in fact, the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. This map is stored in the Korean National Museum.

竹島問題の歴史

3.6.07

幕府の「渡航禁制令」（1696年）

11 comments: