Dokdo-or-Takeshima?: 明治期の欝陵島～竹島／独島関連の日本製地図

2.6.07

明治期の欝陵島～竹島／独島関連の日本製地図

幕末（慶応3年・1867）の勝海舟の地図から竹島編入（1905年）前までの日本製の地図17種を検討してみたところ、竹島／独島（Liancourt rocks）を描き込んでいるものは勝海舟の地図を含めて4枚のみで、しかも4枚とも海軍関連（勝海舟も幕府の海軍奉行でした）の地図と分かりました。海軍の船舶が安全航行できるようにLiancourt rocksのような小島の位置も確認しておく必要があったからと考えられます。一方、「朝鮮全図」のように朝鮮の地形を描いた一連の地図にはLiancourt rocksが描かれているものはありません。（「朝鮮全岸」には描かれていますが、これは海岸の地形を描いたもので、文字通り朝鮮に航行する日本の船が安全に航海することを目的に作られたものですから、Liancourt rocksも対馬も描かれています。）

このことから明治期の竹島編入前の時代にも日本～明治政府はLiancourt rocksを朝鮮領とは認識していなかったことが分かります。

以下に17種の地図を示します。（時代順）描かれている島の情報を付記しています：

（１）大日本沿海略図（日本、勝海舟、1867）：竹島（破線）（=Argonaut）、松島（= Ulleungdo）、リエンコヲルトロック（=Laincourt rocks）

http://www.lib.meiji.ac.jp/ashida/display/each/09/09-024-01/09-024-1-0.001.059-l.jpg

（２）朝鮮全図（日本、海軍水路寮作成、 1873）：　于山島 - 蔚島 (no Liancourt rocks)

http://www.occidentalism.org/?p=626

（３）朝鮮國細見全図（日本、丁子屋　1874）：欝陵島（日本ニテハ是ヲ竹島ト云）、于山島　(no Liancourt rocks)

http://www.occidentalism.org/?p=616

（４）亜細亜東部輿地図 (日本, 陸軍参謀局 1875)：　竹島（=Argonaut）、松島 (= Ulleungdo) (no Liancourt rocks)

http://www.tanaka-kunitaka.net/takeshima/asiaeast-1875/map.html

（５）朝鮮全図（日本、陸軍参謀局　1875）：　竹島（破線）（= Argonaut)、松島（= Ulleungdo) (no Liancourt rocks)

http://www.geocities.jp/tanaka_kunitaka/takeshima/chosenzenzu-1875/06.jpg

（６）朝鮮東海岸図（日本、海軍水路寮 1876）：　アルゴナフタ島（破線）(= Argonaut)、松島（= Ulleungdo)、オリオツ礁とメ子ライ礁（= Liancourt rocks）

http://www.geocities.jp/tanaka_kunitaka23/korea_eastcoast-1876/2.jpg

（７）朝鮮国全図（日本、地理局　１８８２）：　松島（= Ulleungdo）　（no Liancourt rocks）

http://www.geocities.jp/tanaka_kunitaka/takeshima/chosenkokuzenzugeo-1882/ullungdo.jpg

（８）銅版朝鮮国全図（日本、木村、 1882）：竹島（Argonaut）、松島（= Ulleungdo）

http://www.idokdo.or.kr/jpn/html/dataroom_text_map12.html

（９）日本本州九州及四国附朝鮮（日本、海軍　１８91）：欝陵島（松島）、リアンコールト岩（=Liancourt rocks）

http://www.geocities.jp/tanaka_kunitaka38/honshukyushukorea-1891/takeshima.jpg

（１０）明治二十七年六月朝鮮全図（日本、柴田源三郎　1894）：欝陵島、于山島、（no Liancourt rocks）

http://www.geocities.jp/tanaka_kunitaka/takeshima/m27-chosenzenzu/index1.html

（１１）新選朝鮮国全図（日本、1894）：竹島（= Argonaut）、松島（=Ulleungdo）　（no Liancourt rocks）

http://www.geocities.jp/tanaka_kunitaka/takeshima/senshin-1894/index1.html

（１２）朝鮮輿地図（日本、清水常太郎、1894）：　竹島(= Argonaut）、松島（= Ulleungdo) (no Liancourt rocks)

http://www.geocities.jp/tanaka_kunitaka24/chosenyochizu-1894/5.jpg

（１３）新撰朝鮮地理誌（日本、大田才次郎、1894）：竹島（破線）（=Argonaut）、松島（= Ulleungdo）(no Liancourt rocks)

http://www.geocities.jp/tanaka_kunitaka/takeshima/chosenchirishi-1894/07ullungdo.jpg

（１４）朝鮮全図（日本、東京地学協会、1894）：欝陵島（松島）（no Liancourt rocks）

http://www.geocities.jp/tanaka_kunitaka/takeshima/tokyo-1894/index1.html

（１５）朝鮮全岸（日本、海軍水路部、1896）：　欝陵島（松島）、リアンコールド岩（= Liancourt rocks）
http://www.geocities.jp/tanaka_kunitaka31/koreacoast-1896/07.jpg

（１６）亜細亜東部輿地図（日本、河合利喜太郎、1898）：　松島（欝陵）（= Argonaut?)、竹島(=Ulleungdo?)　（no Liancourt rocks）

http://www.geocities.jp/tanaka_kunitaka13/asiaeast-1898/03.jpg

（１７）朝鮮全図（日本、小藤文次郎、1903）：　ULLEUNG-DO (MATSU-SHIMA) (no Liancourt rocks)
http://www.geocities.jp/tanaka_kunitaka6/koto-bunjiro/3.jpg

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NE Shore of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도)

This satellite photo shows Ulleungdo's neighboring islands of Gwaneumdo (觀音島) and Jukdo (竹島) off Ulleungdo's east shore. Gwaneumdo is only about 100 meters offshore and looks more like a cape than an island. Jukdo is about 2 km offshore. The old Korean name for Jukdo was "Usando" (于山島), as many of Korea's old maps show. Koreans claim that Usando was Korea's old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but they have no documents or maps to prove it. Also, Liancourt Rocks is about ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo and are essentially two islands, but all of Korea's old maps show it as one island just off shore of Ulleungdo.

"Cheonggudo" (靑邱圖) Atlas (1860 - 1872)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed it with a small island off its eastern shore labeled as "Usan" (于山). Hash marks at the bottom of the map showed that Usan was less than 4 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. That would mean that it would be Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo, which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but Dokdo is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo and is essentially two islands, not one. The map is stored in the National Library of Korea.

"Cheonggudo" (靑邱圖) Atlas (1834)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed Usan (于山 - 우산) as a neighboring island just off Ulleungdo's east shore. The hash marks at the bottom of the map showed the island to be about 4 km offshore. Usando was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo, which is about 2.2 km of Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old Korean name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), which is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map and many others prove that claim false. The map is stored in Seoul National University's Kyujanggak Center for Korean Studies.

"Dong Yeodo" (東輿圖) Atlas (1795 - 1800)

This map showed Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a neighboring island labeled as "Usan" (于山 - 우산). Usando (于山島) was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), which is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map and many others prove that claim wrong. The map is stored in Japan's "University of Tsukuba Library" (筑波大学附属図書館).

"Joseon-do" (朝鮮圖) - 1800 - 1822

This map of Ullelungdo (鬱陵島) is from the Korean atlas "Joseon-do" (朝鮮圖), which is believed to have been made sometime between 1800 and 1822. Ulleungdo is shown with a neighboring island labeled as Usan (于山). Koreans claim that Usando (于山島) was the old Korean name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map and many others show that it was Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島), which is Ulleungdo's largest neighboring island and only two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. The map is stored in the Osaka Nakanoshima Library (中之島圖書館).

"Gwandong Bangyeo" (關東方輿) - late 1800s?)

This map of Ulleungdo comes from an atlas entitled "Gwandong Bangyeo" (關東方輿), which was probably made in the late 1800s since the map is very similarly to another map of Ulleungdo that was made between 1884 and 1894. The mapmaker used gridlines to help show relative size and distance. The map shows Ulleungdo with a small island off its east shore labeled as "Usan" (于山), which was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도). Jukdo is Ulleungdo's largest neighoring island and is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old Korean name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but they have no maps or documents to prove it. The map is stored in the Korean National Library.

"Joseon Jido" (朝鮮地圖) Atlas (1750 - 1768)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed "Usan" (于山 - 우산) as a neighboring island. The grid lines on the map helped show the small island's relative distance from Ulleungdo. Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Korean's claim that Usando was the old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but this map and many others prove that claim false.

Inspector's Map of Ulleungdo (1711)

The map is an inspector's map that showed Ulleungdo with an island off its east shore labeled as "the so-called Usando" (所謂于山島). The small island was also labeled as having "fields of haejang bamboo" (海長竹田). Koreans claim that Usando was Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map shows that it could not have been Dokdo since Dokdo is just rocks without the soil to grow haejang bamboo. Also, Usando was shown as a neighboring island of Ulleungdo, but Dokdo is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo. Stored in Seoul Nat'l University's Kyujanggak Institute of Korean Studies.

"Haejwa Jeondo" (海左全圖) - mid 1800s

This old Korean map showed Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a small neighboring island just off its east shore labeled as "Usan" (于山 - 우산). Koreans claim that Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map is evidence against the Korean claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands 92 kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but the Usan on this map is just off Ulleungdo's east shore and is only one island. In fact, Usando was the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is only two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore.

Carte de la Coree (1846)

This map was made iin 1846 by Kim Dae-geon (金大建), who was Korea's first Catholic priest. He made this map for the benefit of the French priest he works with. He was killed by the Joseon government the same year this map was made. The map shows Ulleungdo labeled in French as "Oulangto" and its neighboring island of Usando labeled as "Ousan." Koreans claim that Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rock), but this map shows Usando as one island just of the east shore of Ulleungdo. That tells us that Usando was almost certainly Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is only 2 kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. Also, this island could not have been Liancourt Rocks since Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands not one. The original of this map is stored in the National Library of France.

Joseon Jeondo (朝鮮全圖) from the "Gakdo Jido" (各道地圖) Atlas (latter 18th c.)

This old Korean map showed an island labeled as "Usando" (于山島 - 우산도) just off the east shore of Ulleundo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도). Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map is more evidence against that claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map shows Usando as one island just off Ulleungdo's east shore. Usando was, in fact, the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. This map is stored in Korea's Yeongnam University Museum.

"Joseon Jido" (朝鮮地圖) Atlas (1898)

"Donggyeong San Cheon - Paldo Jido (東京山川八道地圖) Atlas (date unknown)

"Jeongukdo" (全國圖) from the "Dongguk Daecheondo" (東國大全圖) - 1740

This old Korean map shows Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a small neighboring island just off its east shore labeled as "Usando" (于山島 - 우산도). Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo, but this map is evidence against that claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but the Usando on this map is one island just off the east shore of Ulleungdo. Usando was, in fact, the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. This map is stored in the Korean National Museum.

Dokdo-or-Takeshima?

竹島問題の歴史

2.6.07

明治期の欝陵島～竹島／独島関連の日本製地図

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