Dokdo-or-Takeshima?: 1863 - Description of Ulleungdo from Kim Jeong-ho's "Daedongjiji" (大東地志)

20.11.07

1863 - Description of Ulleungdo from Kim Jeong-ho's "Daedongjiji" (大東地志)

The following is the description of Ulleungdo from Kim Jeong-ho's (金正浩) 1863 Daedongjiji (大東地志). I am just putting it up so that people can look at it. I will say more about it later when I have time to study it; however, I did notice that he mentioned the "four or five small islands to the south of Ulleungdo" (島之南有四五小島), which appear on most of the old maps of the island. Anyway, I am working on something else right now, so I will get back to this later. Please feel free to comment or even translate. :)

島嶼

鬱陵島在本縣正東海中右于山一云武陵一云羽陵一云艼陵周二百餘里東西七十餘里南北五十餘里三峯岌嶪聳空純是石山自本縣天晴而登高望見則如雲氣便風二日可到(倭舡漁探者時到)倭人謂之竹島與日本隱岐州相近自中峯至正東海濱三十餘里正西海濱四十餘里正南海濱二十餘里正北海濱二十餘里川溪六七竹田五六居址數十有楮田洞孔巖朱土窟石葬古址船泊處待風所島之南有四五小島島中皆石壁石澗洞壑甚多有狙鼠極大不知避人亦有桃李桑拓菜茹之屬珍木異草不知名者甚多○新羅智證王十三年于山國恃險不服遣何瑟羅軍主金異斯夫擊降之高麗太祖十三年芋陵島遣白吉土豆貢方物顯宗九年以于山國被東北女眞所寇廢農業遣李元龜賜農器十年于山國民曾彼女眞虜掠來奔者悉令歸之德宗元年羽陵城主遣子獻土物仁宗十九年秋七月溟州道都監倉使李陽實遣人入蔚陵島取菓核木葉異常者以獻毅宗十三年王聞鬱陵地廣土肥可以居民遣溟州道監倉使金柔立往視柔立回奏云島中有大山從山頂東至海一萬餘步西至海一萬三千餘步南至海一萬五千餘步北至海八千餘步有村落基址七所或有石佛鐵鍾石塔多生柴胡本石南草然多巖石民不可居遂寢其議明宗時崔忠獻獻議以武陵土壤膏沃多珍木海錯遣使往觀之移東郡民以實之及使還多以珍木海錯進之後屢爲風濤所蕩覆舟因還其民居忠穆王二年東界芋陵島人來朝辛福五年倭人武陵島留半月而去○本朝太宗朝聞流民逃于鬱陵島者甚多再命三陟人金麟雨爲安撫使刷出空其地麟雨言丰土地饒沃竹大如杠鼠大如猫桃核大於升凡物稱是世宗元年武陵島民男婦共十七人行到京畿平邱驛飢頓上遣人救之二十二年遣縣人萬戶南顥率數百人往搜連民盡俘金丸等七十餘人而還其地遂空成宗二年有告別有三峯島者及遣朴宗元往覓之因風濤不得泊而還同行一舡泊鬱陵島只取大竹大鰒魚回啓云島中無居民矣肅宗二十八年三陟營將李浚明還自鬱陵島獻其圖形及紫檀香靑竹石間朱魚皮等物浚明乘舡于竹邊串兩晝夜而還英宗十一年江原監司趙冣等啓言鬱陵地廣土沃有人居舊址而其西又有于山島亦廣闊○土産藿鰒可支魚大小雜魚柏木香木冬柏側柏黃柏梧桐楓檜欕桑楡篁竹朱土鷹烏鷰鳲貍鼠

8 comments:

Kaneganese21/11/07 01:18
Basically they are the quotations from various documents, but considering he had drawn Ulleundo map with Usando east to it in 1834, the next sentence sound weird to me.
"其西又有于山島亦廣闊"

Other things I noticed were;
"鬱陵島在本縣正東海中右于山一云武陵一云羽陵一云艼陵"
"三峯岌嶪聳空"
"倭人謂之竹島與日本隱岐州相近"
" 成宗二年有告別有三峯島者及遣朴宗元往覓之因風濤不得泊而還同行一舡泊鬱陵島"

And there is no mention of Usando is Japanese Matsushima.
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Gerry Bevers21/11/07 02:01
Kaneganese,

I think Mr. Kim was just listing all the historical information he had on Ulleungdo, including the old reference that Usando was to the west of Ulleungdo. I think you have to look at his first sentence to find out where he thought Usando really was. This was the first sentence:

鬱陵島在本縣正東海中右于山

Here is my translation:

"Ulleungdo is in the middle of the sea due east of this Hyeon and to the west of Usan."

The character 右 also means "west."
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Anonymous21/11/07 12:46
右う山とあるのは原文に古う山と書いてあるのをソウル大学の人が勘違いしたのだと思います。携帯から見えないので原文画像を確認してください。
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pacifist21/11/07 13:27
It is possible as yabutarou pointed out that "右" was misspelt when they made handwritten copies, the original word maybe "古".

The word in the photo looks like "古" but at the same time it looks like "右" too...
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Gerry Bevers21/11/07 15:12
Thank you Pacifist and Yabutarou,

Yes, 右 does look like 古, so that may be possible, but if that were true, then I think they would have written 于山國, not just 于山.

Korean dictionaries say that 右 can also mean "west" (서쪽). See HERE. Also, Kim Jeong-ho's maps tell us that he believed Usando to be east of Ulleungdo, which would mean that Ulleungdo would be west of Usando.

Anyway, remember that I am just guessing. I do not know for sure.
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Anonymous22/11/07 02:08
Gerry,

I am convinced that it is 古 not 右 .
There are many documents to say 鬱陵島是古于山國, but there are not the documents written 鬱陵島右有于山島　.

『三國史記』
于山國、在溟州東海島、或名鬱陵島
　『世宗実録地理志』
新羅時, 稱于山國, 一云鬱陵島。
　『皇城新聞』
大韓地誌에曰鬱陵島는古于山國
　『記言卷之二十八下篇山川東界』
于山鬱陵一島。望三峯岋嶫。海晴則山木可見。山下白沙甚遠。古于山國。
　『五洲衍文長箋散稿　八路利病辨證説』
鬱陵島。直三陟府。方百許里。古于山國也。
『五洲衍文長箋散稿　鬱陵島事實辨證説』
東方多彈丸黑痣之小島。比如潑墨者之大小亂點。其中有鬱陵島。古于山國。
　『文獻攷略 (新羅屬國) 于山國』
于山國 [주: 今蔚珍東海島 ] 亦名羽陵 [주: 今稱鬱陵島 ] 新羅
　『東寰録　于山』』
于山者。今鬱陵島也。○三國史云。新羅智證麻立干十一年。于山國。歸服。歲以土宜爲貢。于山國。在溟州[주:今江陵]正東海島。或名鬱陵島。
『紀年東史約卷之二新羅高句麗百濟紀』
于山國在阿瑟羅州東海中, 或名鬱陵島, 地方百里,

It is another topic with this, 金正浩s 靑邱圖 map say “ 英宗十一年江原監司趙冣等啓言鬱陵地廣土沃有人居舊址而其西又有于山島亦廣闊 So-called west character is different from the fact in the East in an island in this map“ .
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GTOMR26/4/09 21:08
輿圖備志, Another articles written by 金正浩 with 崔?煥(1813-1891) here.

I didn't check full text now but there are Kanwon-do area map and Ulluengdo description.
See:P6, P73-P77
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GTOMR26/4/09 22:07
1853-56.ｃ.a.輿圖備志 vol.15江原道
[鬱陵島]本島在蔚珍縣之正東海中（其水路未詳便風二日可到東直日本之隠岐州●天晴而登高望見則如雲氣）　古于山国（一云武陵一云羽陵一云?陵）今称鬱陵島（周二百餘里東西八十餘里南北五十餘里中有三峯岌?聳空　空純是石山自中峯至正東海濱三十餘里至正南海濱二十餘里至正西海濱四十餘里至正北海濱二十海濱二十餘里川溪六七処竹田五六所可居基址數十処有楮田洞孔岩米土窟石葬数処船泊處待風所又南有四五小島島中皆石壁石澗洞壑甚多有狙鼠極大?知避人亦有桃李桑?菜茹之屬珍木異草?知名者甚多　土産?鰒可支魚諸大小雜魚不能詳海松子紫壇冬柏楓檜側柏黄柏　吾?桑楡篁竹朱土鷹烏?鴎貍　［典故］○新羅智證王十三年于山國恃險?服遣何瑟羅州軍主?異斯夫?降之　高麗太祖十三年芋陵島遣白吉土豆貢方物
顯宗九年以于山國被東北女眞所寇廢農業遣李元龜賜農器十年于山國民曾彼女眞虜掠來奔者悉令歸之　德宗元年羽陵城主遣子獻土物　仁宗十九年秋七月溟州道都監倉使李陽實遣人入蔚陵島取菓核木葉異常者以獻　毅宗十三年王聞鬱陵地廣土肥可以居民遣溟州道監倉使?柔立往視柔立回奏云島中有大山從山頂東至海一萬餘?西至海一萬三千餘?南至海一萬五千餘?北至海八千餘?有村落基址七所或有石佛鐵鍾石塔多生柴胡本石南草然多巖石民?可居遂寢其議明宗時崔忠獻獻議以武陵土壤膏沃多珍木海錯遣使往觀之移東郡民以實之及使還多以珍木海錯進之後?爲風濤所蕩覆舟因還其民居忠穆王二年東界芋陵島人來朝辛福五年倭人武陵島留半月而去○本朝太宗朝聞流民逃于鬱陵島者甚多再命三陟人?麟雨爲安撫使刷出空其地麟雨言?土地饒沃竹大如杠鼠大如猫桃核大於升凡物稱是世宗元年武陵島民男婦共十七人行到京畿平邱驛飢頓上遣人救之二十二年遣縣人萬?南顥率數百人往搜連民盡俘?丸等七十餘人而還其地遂空成宗二年有告別有三峯島者及遣朴宗元往覓之因風濤?得泊而還同行一?泊鬱陵島只取大竹大鰒魚回啓云島中無居民矣肅宗二十八年三陟營將李浚明還自鬱陵島獻其圖形及紫檀香靑竹石間朱魚皮等物浚明乘?于竹邊?兩晝夜而還英宗十一年江原監司趙?等啓言鬱陵地廣土沃有人居舊址而其西又有于山島亦廣闊
PDF Korea digital libraryhistorical part is almost same with 大東地誌, altough Geography part is bit different, e.g. width of Ulleungdo(Daedongjisi 70ri East/Yodobisi West, 80ri East West)
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NE Shore of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도)

This satellite photo shows Ulleungdo's neighboring islands of Gwaneumdo (觀音島) and Jukdo (竹島) off Ulleungdo's east shore. Gwaneumdo is only about 100 meters offshore and looks more like a cape than an island. Jukdo is about 2 km offshore. The old Korean name for Jukdo was "Usando" (于山島), as many of Korea's old maps show. Koreans claim that Usando was Korea's old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but they have no documents or maps to prove it. Also, Liancourt Rocks is about ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo and are essentially two islands, but all of Korea's old maps show it as one island just off shore of Ulleungdo.

"Cheonggudo" (靑邱圖) Atlas (1860 - 1872)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed it with a small island off its eastern shore labeled as "Usan" (于山). Hash marks at the bottom of the map showed that Usan was less than 4 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. That would mean that it would be Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo, which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but Dokdo is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo and is essentially two islands, not one. The map is stored in the National Library of Korea.

"Cheonggudo" (靑邱圖) Atlas (1834)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed Usan (于山 - 우산) as a neighboring island just off Ulleungdo's east shore. The hash marks at the bottom of the map showed the island to be about 4 km offshore. Usando was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo, which is about 2.2 km of Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old Korean name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), which is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map and many others prove that claim false. The map is stored in Seoul National University's Kyujanggak Center for Korean Studies.

"Dong Yeodo" (東輿圖) Atlas (1795 - 1800)

This map showed Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a neighboring island labeled as "Usan" (于山 - 우산). Usando (于山島) was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), which is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map and many others prove that claim wrong. The map is stored in Japan's "University of Tsukuba Library" (筑波大学附属図書館).

"Joseon-do" (朝鮮圖) - 1800 - 1822

This map of Ullelungdo (鬱陵島) is from the Korean atlas "Joseon-do" (朝鮮圖), which is believed to have been made sometime between 1800 and 1822. Ulleungdo is shown with a neighboring island labeled as Usan (于山). Koreans claim that Usando (于山島) was the old Korean name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map and many others show that it was Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島), which is Ulleungdo's largest neighboring island and only two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. The map is stored in the Osaka Nakanoshima Library (中之島圖書館).

"Gwandong Bangyeo" (關東方輿) - late 1800s?)

This map of Ulleungdo comes from an atlas entitled "Gwandong Bangyeo" (關東方輿), which was probably made in the late 1800s since the map is very similarly to another map of Ulleungdo that was made between 1884 and 1894. The mapmaker used gridlines to help show relative size and distance. The map shows Ulleungdo with a small island off its east shore labeled as "Usan" (于山), which was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도). Jukdo is Ulleungdo's largest neighoring island and is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old Korean name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but they have no maps or documents to prove it. The map is stored in the Korean National Library.

"Joseon Jido" (朝鮮地圖) Atlas (1750 - 1768)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed "Usan" (于山 - 우산) as a neighboring island. The grid lines on the map helped show the small island's relative distance from Ulleungdo. Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Korean's claim that Usando was the old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but this map and many others prove that claim false.

Inspector's Map of Ulleungdo (1711)

The map is an inspector's map that showed Ulleungdo with an island off its east shore labeled as "the so-called Usando" (所謂于山島). The small island was also labeled as having "fields of haejang bamboo" (海長竹田). Koreans claim that Usando was Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map shows that it could not have been Dokdo since Dokdo is just rocks without the soil to grow haejang bamboo. Also, Usando was shown as a neighboring island of Ulleungdo, but Dokdo is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo. Stored in Seoul Nat'l University's Kyujanggak Institute of Korean Studies.

"Haejwa Jeondo" (海左全圖) - mid 1800s

This old Korean map showed Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a small neighboring island just off its east shore labeled as "Usan" (于山 - 우산). Koreans claim that Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map is evidence against the Korean claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands 92 kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but the Usan on this map is just off Ulleungdo's east shore and is only one island. In fact, Usando was the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is only two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore.

Carte de la Coree (1846)

This map was made iin 1846 by Kim Dae-geon (金大建), who was Korea's first Catholic priest. He made this map for the benefit of the French priest he works with. He was killed by the Joseon government the same year this map was made. The map shows Ulleungdo labeled in French as "Oulangto" and its neighboring island of Usando labeled as "Ousan." Koreans claim that Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rock), but this map shows Usando as one island just of the east shore of Ulleungdo. That tells us that Usando was almost certainly Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is only 2 kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. Also, this island could not have been Liancourt Rocks since Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands not one. The original of this map is stored in the National Library of France.

Joseon Jeondo (朝鮮全圖) from the "Gakdo Jido" (各道地圖) Atlas (latter 18th c.)

This old Korean map showed an island labeled as "Usando" (于山島 - 우산도) just off the east shore of Ulleundo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도). Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map is more evidence against that claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map shows Usando as one island just off Ulleungdo's east shore. Usando was, in fact, the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. This map is stored in Korea's Yeongnam University Museum.

"Joseon Jido" (朝鮮地圖) Atlas (1898)

"Donggyeong San Cheon - Paldo Jido (東京山川八道地圖) Atlas (date unknown)

"Jeongukdo" (全國圖) from the "Dongguk Daecheondo" (東國大全圖) - 1740

This old Korean map shows Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a small neighboring island just off its east shore labeled as "Usando" (于山島 - 우산도). Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo, but this map is evidence against that claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but the Usando on this map is one island just off the east shore of Ulleungdo. Usando was, in fact, the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. This map is stored in the Korean National Museum.

竹島問題の歴史

20.11.07

1863 - Description of Ulleungdo from Kim Jeong-ho's "Daedongjiji" (大東地志)

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