Dokdo-or-Takeshima?: 2/1/11

25.2.11

S. Koreans Attend Takeshima Day Ceremonies

According to an article in the Wall Street Journal entitled "DPJ Attends 'Takeshima Day' for the First Time," a group of about ten South Koreans "quietly" attended Takeshima Day ceremonies.

While DPJ lawmakers may have been a first-time surprise a small group of about 10 people who traveled from South Korea had frequented the event before. Mr. Komuro said a group about the same size was present last year as well but was unsure whether it was the same individuals.
"I don't think they were here to support [Japan's territorial claims]. But they didn't protest," said Mr. Komuro. They sat in their seats and listened quietly."

23.2.11

DPJ Lawmakers Attend 'Takeshima Day' Ceremonies

"The Mainichi Daily News" reports HERE that a record-high thirteen Japanese parlimentarians, including two lawmakers from the ruling Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ), attended Takeshima Day ceremonies on February 22, along with 500 other participants. This was the first time DPJ lawmakers have attended the Takeshima Day ceremonies.

In contrast, no major rallies were held by South Korean protestors near the ceremony site this year. In the past, Koreans had held rallies denouncing Japan's territorial claim to Takeshima, claiming, instead, that the islets belonged to Korea. Moveover, only about ten Korean civic group members even bothered to rally in front of the Japanese Embassy in Seoul this year. The Korean government did, however, issue its prefunctory statement denouncing Takeshima Day and insisting Takeshima belonged to Korea, where the islets are called Dokdo.

While political interest in the Takeshima dispute seems to be growing in Japan, interest in Korea seems to be dying, possibly because an overwhelming amount of historical evidence refuting Korean claims has been made public over the past few years. Afterall, it is hard to rally for a cause in which you no longer truly believe.

The Korean government seems to have given up trying to find evidence to support its historical claims to Takeshima and has decided, instead, to remain relatively quiet on the issue, probably hoping the world forgets about all the noisy claims Koreans made just a few years ago.

22.2.11

Takeshima Day -- February 22

Today is Japan's "Takeshima Day," which is the day that commemorates the February 22, 1905 incorporation of Takeshima (Liancourt Rocks) into Japan's Oki County. See the 1905 newspaper article announcing the incorporation HERE.

Any news on how it is being celebrated in Japan?

18.2.11

1947 - Roh Do-yang "National Geographic Student Atlas for Middle School” excluded Takeshima/Dokdo from Korea

left : "National Geographic Student Atlas for Middle School(中等國土地理附圖)”（文友社、1947）

The “Map of Korea” in this supplementary atlas for Middle school student, made by the geographer/editorial officer of the Ministry of Education, clearly excludes Takeshima/Dokdo from its territory.

Although a map itself doesn’t stand as a concrete evidence for territorial dispute unless there is clear indication of territorial border, this Korean textbook made by the editorial official of the Ministry of Education gives a heavy blow on Korea’s territorial claim. In fact, today’s Korean maps never drops Dokdo off from its map of Korea, and pro-Korean propaganda sites list up many old Japanese maps, which lack Takeshima, to claim Japan didn’t recognize Takeshima as its territory.

K

orean claim “Dokdo was the first victim of the Japanese aggression upon Korea. Dokdo has come back to our bosom with our liberation. Dokdo is the symbol of Korean independence.” However, as it was already revealed, Korean, except the residents of Ulleungdo, immediately after liberation didn’t even know about Takeshima/Dokdo and believed the easternmost of their country is Ulleungdo’s Jukdo until April 1947, the time when Japanese from Sakaiminato came to Takeshima and claimed that the island is Japan’s. This textbook atlas is an another concrete evidence to support Japanese claim that Korea’s recent blind belief about Takeshima/Dokdo is just an ex post facto explanation hammered out afterwards.

As this map and other Korean maps published until 1947 shows, Korean didn’t recognize Takeshima/Dokdo as their territory at the year of 1947. In the summer of 1947, Korean found Takeshima/Dokdo and started aggressions upon Takeshima, the inherent territory of Japan. However, there is no single Korean documents/maps that shows Korean owned the island before 1905, the year Japan officially incorporated it into Shimane prefecture.

Prof. Roh Do-yang(盧道陽, 1909-2004) is a Korean geographer. According to Songdo(松都) High School HP, he graduated from Komazawa(駒澤) University, Tokyo, Japan and taught at Songdo High School. He once served the Ministry of Education as a editorial officer(文教部編修官) after 1945. He was a founder/fist chairman of Korean Geographical Society（大韓地理学会） and a emeritus professor of Hoseo University(湖西大).

Reference;

1899 - Korean Map: "Daehanjeondo" (大韓全圖) (玄采大韓地誌)

1901 - "Daehanjiji" (大韓地誌) Map of Korea's Gangwon Province (玄采)

1906 - "Daehan Jiji" (大韓地誌) by Hyeon Chae (玄采)

1907 - "Chodeung Daehan Jiji" (初等大韓地誌)

1907 June - "Sinpyeon Daehan Jiri" (新編大韓地理)

1907 - Daehan Shinjiji Attached Maps (大韓新地志附地圖)

1922 - "Map of Daehanminguk" (대한민국 디도) (大韓民国図)

after 1945 - "Geography for Middle School(中等地理)" by the Association of Gyeongbuk Geographers(慶北地理學會) admits Dokdo is outside of the territory of Korea

13.2.11

Problem with Blogger's SPAM Filtering

There seems to be a problem with Blogger's SPAM filtering system since it is causing many comments to go into the SPAM Box instead of being posted to the blog. I will try to regularly check the Spam Box until Blogger finally fixes the problem.

Actually, I am not sure if it is a problem with the SPAM filter or if someone in Blogger is deliberately trying to sabotage this blog.

One reason I suspect sabotage is that the votes in the survey question that appeared in the right column of the blog suddenly switched from a large majority of people who though Korea was being untruthful about Korean historical claims to Takeshima to a majority of people who thought Korea was being truthful. This all happened after the voting had stopped.

There have also been other strange things that have happened on this blog, including our Page View counter suddenly losing over a million hits.

Anyway, I will try to keep a better eye on our Spam box.

11.2.11

Daum Map's "Jukdo" (죽도 - 竹島)

I noticed today that Korea's Daum Map site has a high resolution image of Ulleungdo's neighboring island of "Jukdo" (죽도 - 竹島), which is, of course, different from Japan's Takeshima (竹島). The image below can be made much larger.

Link to Map

Walking View of Jukdo

10.2.11

Some New Gadgets Added to the Blog

I have added the following enhancements to the blog.

A "Headlines" feature near the top of the blog that scrolls through headlines with the following keywords: Takeshima, Dokdo, 竹島, and 독도.
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A "Search This Blog" feature at the top of the right column that allows keyword search on this blog.
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A "Popular Post" feature was added in the right-hand column, just below the list of maps.

If anyone has any other suggests for improving the blog, please let me know.

I have been so busy with my son the past few months that I have not paid much attention to the blog, but I plan to be spending more time trying to improve the blog in the future.

Page Views for This Blog for Feb. 3 - Feb. 9

The following are the number of page views this blog, "Dokdo-or-Takeshima?," has received for the week of Feb. 3 - Feb. 9. The page views are divided up by country.

Japan.............................603
USA................................168
Korea..............................151
Germany........................... 43
U.K.................................. 26
Poland.............................. 19
Canada............................. 17
France.............................. 15
Russia............................... 15
Belize................................ 11

3.2.11

1902 - 大韓帝国内部『鬱島郡節目』

1月4日、韓国のメディアは『鬱島郡節目』という文書を公開しました。

「独島：「鬱島郡」の行政指針、日本編入以前の支配立証」

…110年前に大韓帝国が独島（日本名・竹島）を実効支配していたことを示す証拠となり得る、当時の治安・行政に関する史料が初めて公開された。…（朝鮮日報日本語版朝鮮日報の日本語版2011年1月15日付記事）

報道によると、1900年10月、大韓帝国は勅令41号を発布して鬱陵島を鬱島郡に昇格し、公式に領土に組み込むが、その1年半後の1902年4月、大韓帝国内部（内務省）が鬱島郡行政指針となる「鬱島郡節目」（節目とはこの場合、規則の箇条や細目のこと。）を初代鬱島郡守の裵季周に出していたようで、内容は、日本人の不法伐木を禁止すること、外国人への土地売買を禁止すること、その他に税金についての詳細が書かれています。

裵季周は1881年、鬱陵島最初の開拓者４人の一人（江原道の出身）（1902年外務省通商局編纂「通商彙纂」）で、 1895年9月に島監に差定され、鬱陵島を管理。当時鬱陵島の伐木権はロシアに譲渡されていたにも関わらず、日本人から伐木料を徴収して許可して利権を独占していたようで（『駐韓日本公使館記録』13 （515 p）各領事館往復（１７））、1899年にはその支払いトラブルのため来日して松江の裁判所で勝訴しています。その後、1900年に初代郡守となりますが雑報:「欝守新任」（1900年11月29日付「官報」）、罷免されたのか、1902年始め姜泳禹が郡守として在職しますが、直後の3月4日姜泳禹は免官され、再度裵季周が郡主に叙任されます（雑報:「欝守新任」）。この節目は、その時期（1902年4月）から、裵季周が罷免されたことをきっかけに大韓帝国内部に働きかけた結果出されたものではないかと推察されます。

ところで韓国側は、この資料を「鬱陵島と独島（竹島）を実際に経営したことを立証する資料」と主張していますが、実際この内容を確認すると、竹島のことは全く触れられておらず、そうした主張が成り立たないことは明白です。

この頃すでに鬱陵島に移住した日本人は竹島へアワビ漁に出ていたことと、当時の鬱陵島在住の韓国人は（若芽採取のために全羅道沿岸の漁民が季節労働者としてやってくる以外に）漁業に従事する者が皆無であったことが記録され（1902年外務省通商局編纂「通商彙纂」）ていることから、大韓帝国内部の印がある節目の中において竹島について何の言及もないことは、韓国側の主張とは裏腹に、むしろ当時の鬱島郡守裵季周（裵季周）ひいては大韓帝国に、現竹島が韓国の領域内であったという認識がなかったことを傍証する資料であるといえるでしょう。

以下、公開された『鬱島郡節目』の全文と、matus氏によるその日本語訳を以下に示します。

『鬱島郡節目』

內閣總理大臣　尹容善閣下

內部　

鬱島郡節目

本郡陞設今旣兩年全島庶務尙多草創之中數三悖民興訛梗化煽動居民則不可不自本部講究方略確立郡規　故別成節目以送依此擧行無或違越　島民中若有如前執迷不遵令飭者這這摘發卽速馳報則當有別般嚴處矣　惕念擧行節目辭意亦爲眞諺飜謄揭付各洞俾無一民不聞不知之弊事

一　日本潛越人等偸斫木料別般嚴禁事

一　本島人民中家屋田土或有暗賣外國人者當一律施行事

一　本島開拓尙未盡懇爲念民人成家姑未定稅凡於島民耕食居生若移居內陸不得私相賣買還爲官有事

一　現存公廨爲七間則仍舊修葺若果狹窄四五間略加建築俾無民弊事

一　鄕長一員書記一名使令三名姑先略施以爲供役事

一　郡守以下鄕長書記使令餼料不得不自郡略略算定而本島戶數足爲五百戶則每戶春等麥三斗秋等黃豆四斗式收斂分排廩料事

一　五百戶每戶收麥爲三斗則共計一千五百斗凡石則爲一百石內郡守一員廩況六十石鄕長一員餼料十二石書記一名十石使令三名每名六石式合十八石總計一百石以爲定式事

一　各道商船來泊本島捕採魚藿人等處每十分抽一收稅外他出入貨物從價金每百抽一以補經費事

一　官船一隻不可不急先辦備然後以便航路而來往本部調査委員入島時田士能李東信處偸斫木料之屬公者這這査徵以爲購買船隻事

一　未盡條件自本郡爛商會議更爲磨鍊事

後錄

香木貳百斤間一年進上事

戶布錢五百兩每年輸納于度支部事

郡守年俸及鄕長書記使令餼料總算

郡守春等麥六十石秋等黃豆四十石合一百石

鄕長春等麥十二石秋等黃豆十二石合二十四石

書記一名春等麥十石秋等黃豆十二石合二十二石

使令每名春等麥六石秋等黃豆十二石三名合麥十八石合黃豆三十六石　總計麥一百石黃豆一百石

光武六年四月日

內部

・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・

内閣総理大臣尹容善閣下

内部の鬱島郡節目

本郡（鬱島郡）が昇格してすでに2年が過ぎたのに、全島の庶務がまだ草創のままであることが多い中、流言飛語を作り出し教化されない何人かの悖民たちが、民衆を扇動するので、本部(内部)では方略を講じて郡の規律を確立せざるをえない。従って、別に節目を作って送るので、このまま行ない、破ってはいけない。島民の中に、前のように戸惑って命令に従わない者がいれば、いちいち摘発して速やかに馳報せよ、然らば当然、別段の厳しい措置があるだろう。格別に留意して挙行せよ。節目の意味を諺文（ハングル）にも翻訳して各村に掲示し、一人たりとも聞いていない、知らないというような弊害をなくすこと。

一　日本からやってきて木を密かに切っていく者を、特別に厳禁すること。

一　本島の人民中に、家屋と田土を外国人に密かに売買する者があれば、当然のことに、一律(＝死刑)を施行すること。

一　本島の開拓はまだ未尽であるから、島民が家庭を作ることを切実に望む、よって税金はまだ定めない。およそ島民たちは耕作をして生きていくのであるが、もし万一、内陸に移居するような場合には、私的な売買を出来なくして官有に返還するようにさせること。

一　現在ある官庁の建物は、七間であればそのまま屋根を補修して使い、もし4～5間程度で狭ければ、若干の増建だけをして、民に迷惑をかけないこと。

一　鄕長1人、書記1人、使令3人を先ず先に置き、仕事に供役させること。

一　郡守以下、鄕長・書記・使令の給料は、郡で概略算定しなくてはいけない。鬱陵島の戸数が500戸になるならば、家ごとに春に出す税金は麦3斗、秋に出す税金は豆4斗ずつを納めさせ、給料として分け与えること。

一　500戸が、戸ごとに麦3斗を収めるならば、全部で1500斗になる。石にすれば、全部で100石以内だ。郡守一人の給料は60石、鄕長1人の給料は12石、書記一人は10石、使令3人は一人当り6石ずつで合わせて18石、合計100石を定式とすること

一　各道の商船にして鬱陵島に来て漁労や採藿をする者には、一人当たりに10分の1税を納めさせ、外地に出入する貨物は、その値段により100分の1税を納めさせて経費に加えること。

一　官船一隻を先に用意してこそ往来が楽になるが、以前、本部の調査委員が入島したときに（１９００年の禹用鼎の調査をさすか？）、田士能と李東信が盗んだ木を官衙に属させたことについては、きちんと調査・徴税して船隻の購買費用とすること。

一　（このほかの）未尽の条件は、本郡で十分に相談してさらに整備すること

後禄

香木200斤を、1年おきに進上すること。

戸布銭500両は、毎年、度支部（＝大蔵省）に納入すること。

郡守の年俸、および鄕長・書記・使令の給料は、総算する。

郡守は、春には麦60石、秋には豆40石で、合計１００石。

鄕長は、春には麦12石、秋には豆12石で、合計24石。

書記1人は、春には麦10石、秋には豆12石で合計22石。

使令は、それぞれ春には麦6石、秋には豆12石、3人の合計が麦18石、豆36石で　総計麦100石、豆100石。

光武6年(1902年) 4月　

内部

NE Shore of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도)

This satellite photo shows Ulleungdo's neighboring islands of Gwaneumdo (觀音島) and Jukdo (竹島) off Ulleungdo's east shore. Gwaneumdo is only about 100 meters offshore and looks more like a cape than an island. Jukdo is about 2 km offshore. The old Korean name for Jukdo was "Usando" (于山島), as many of Korea's old maps show. Koreans claim that Usando was Korea's old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but they have no documents or maps to prove it. Also, Liancourt Rocks is about ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo and are essentially two islands, but all of Korea's old maps show it as one island just off shore of Ulleungdo.

"Cheonggudo" (靑邱圖) Atlas (1860 - 1872)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed it with a small island off its eastern shore labeled as "Usan" (于山). Hash marks at the bottom of the map showed that Usan was less than 4 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. That would mean that it would be Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo, which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but Dokdo is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo and is essentially two islands, not one. The map is stored in the National Library of Korea.

"Cheonggudo" (靑邱圖) Atlas (1834)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed Usan (于山 - 우산) as a neighboring island just off Ulleungdo's east shore. The hash marks at the bottom of the map showed the island to be about 4 km offshore. Usando was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo, which is about 2.2 km of Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old Korean name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), which is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map and many others prove that claim false. The map is stored in Seoul National University's Kyujanggak Center for Korean Studies.

"Dong Yeodo" (東輿圖) Atlas (1795 - 1800)

This map showed Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a neighboring island labeled as "Usan" (于山 - 우산). Usando (于山島) was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), which is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map and many others prove that claim wrong. The map is stored in Japan's "University of Tsukuba Library" (筑波大学附属図書館).

"Joseon-do" (朝鮮圖) - 1800 - 1822

This map of Ullelungdo (鬱陵島) is from the Korean atlas "Joseon-do" (朝鮮圖), which is believed to have been made sometime between 1800 and 1822. Ulleungdo is shown with a neighboring island labeled as Usan (于山). Koreans claim that Usando (于山島) was the old Korean name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map and many others show that it was Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島), which is Ulleungdo's largest neighboring island and only two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. The map is stored in the Osaka Nakanoshima Library (中之島圖書館).

"Gwandong Bangyeo" (關東方輿) - late 1800s?)

This map of Ulleungdo comes from an atlas entitled "Gwandong Bangyeo" (關東方輿), which was probably made in the late 1800s since the map is very similarly to another map of Ulleungdo that was made between 1884 and 1894. The mapmaker used gridlines to help show relative size and distance. The map shows Ulleungdo with a small island off its east shore labeled as "Usan" (于山), which was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도). Jukdo is Ulleungdo's largest neighoring island and is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old Korean name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but they have no maps or documents to prove it. The map is stored in the Korean National Library.

"Joseon Jido" (朝鮮地圖) Atlas (1750 - 1768)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed "Usan" (于山 - 우산) as a neighboring island. The grid lines on the map helped show the small island's relative distance from Ulleungdo. Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Korean's claim that Usando was the old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but this map and many others prove that claim false.

Inspector's Map of Ulleungdo (1711)

The map is an inspector's map that showed Ulleungdo with an island off its east shore labeled as "the so-called Usando" (所謂于山島). The small island was also labeled as having "fields of haejang bamboo" (海長竹田). Koreans claim that Usando was Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map shows that it could not have been Dokdo since Dokdo is just rocks without the soil to grow haejang bamboo. Also, Usando was shown as a neighboring island of Ulleungdo, but Dokdo is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo. Stored in Seoul Nat'l University's Kyujanggak Institute of Korean Studies.

"Haejwa Jeondo" (海左全圖) - mid 1800s

This old Korean map showed Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a small neighboring island just off its east shore labeled as "Usan" (于山 - 우산). Koreans claim that Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map is evidence against the Korean claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands 92 kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but the Usan on this map is just off Ulleungdo's east shore and is only one island. In fact, Usando was the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is only two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore.

Carte de la Coree (1846)

This map was made iin 1846 by Kim Dae-geon (金大建), who was Korea's first Catholic priest. He made this map for the benefit of the French priest he works with. He was killed by the Joseon government the same year this map was made. The map shows Ulleungdo labeled in French as "Oulangto" and its neighboring island of Usando labeled as "Ousan." Koreans claim that Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rock), but this map shows Usando as one island just of the east shore of Ulleungdo. That tells us that Usando was almost certainly Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is only 2 kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. Also, this island could not have been Liancourt Rocks since Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands not one. The original of this map is stored in the National Library of France.

Joseon Jeondo (朝鮮全圖) from the "Gakdo Jido" (各道地圖) Atlas (latter 18th c.)

This old Korean map showed an island labeled as "Usando" (于山島 - 우산도) just off the east shore of Ulleundo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도). Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map is more evidence against that claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map shows Usando as one island just off Ulleungdo's east shore. Usando was, in fact, the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. This map is stored in Korea's Yeongnam University Museum.

"Joseon Jido" (朝鮮地圖) Atlas (1898)

"Donggyeong San Cheon - Paldo Jido (東京山川八道地圖) Atlas (date unknown)

"Jeongukdo" (全國圖) from the "Dongguk Daecheondo" (東國大全圖) - 1740

This old Korean map shows Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a small neighboring island just off its east shore labeled as "Usando" (于山島 - 우산도). Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo, but this map is evidence against that claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but the Usando on this map is one island just off the east shore of Ulleungdo. Usando was, in fact, the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. This map is stored in the Korean National Museum.

竹島問題の歴史