Dokdo-or-Takeshima?: 1905 June 3: Japanese Magazine 日露戦争実記

27.9.08

1905 June 3: Japanese Magazine 日露戦争実記

This 128-page Japanese magazine, "博文館発行　日露戦争実記（第七拾参編）" (The True Record of Russo-Japanese War, published by Hakubun-kan, Vol. 73), was published on June 3rd 1905. It referred to Liancourt Rocks in the text (p.7) as "リャンコールド岩" (Ryankorudo-gan) although it had been officially incorporated into Shimane prefecture and had been named as Takeshima in January that year. The magazine included a sheet of paper as a supplement which consisted of three different maps. One of them labeled Liancourt Rocks as "リアンコールド島" (Riankorudo-toh or Riankorudo island) and another one labeled the rocks as "リヤンコルン岩" (Riyankorun-gan). These different names for Liancourt Rocks may indicate that the rocks were not familiar to Japanese people yet.

As Kaneganese already pointed out in another posting, Navy also didn't use the name of Takeshima during the battle. It means that apparently, for Japanese officials, Navy, especially Admiral Togo and his brains had not placed much importance on incorporation of Takeshima from the strategical point of view. Pro-Korean scholars used to say that Japan "annexed" Laincourt Rocks to use the rocks for military reasons, but it was not true.

http://dokdo-or-takeshima.blogspot.com/2008/09/1905-june-2-korean-called-liancourt.html

8 comments:

pacifist27/9/08 19:47
Kaneganese, chaamiey, 小嶋日向守, 他の皆様

この地図の「リアンコールド島」という表現は他のポストで話題になっている「アンコフ島」というのと似ていると思いますが、どうでしょうか？（岩ではなく島になっている点も）

この雑誌は6月3日発行ですから皇城新聞の記事（6月2日）の一日後ということになりますので、この雑誌を参考にしたとは思えませんが、この雑誌は73号であり、その前にも同誌が発行されていたとすると、前の号のどれかに同じ表現がされていなかったかどうか・・・
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Kaneganese27/9/08 21:04
下の地図では「リヤンコールド岩」になっていますね。単なる表記ミスでしょうか。
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pacifist28/9/08 10:13
Kaneganese,

本文にも書きましたがこの本には地図を含めて3箇所（本文一箇所、地図2箇所）にLiancourt Rocksを表す日本語が出てきますが、その3者がすべて違う表記なのです。

その中の「リアンコールド島」というのが「アンコフ島」に近いのではないかと思った次第です。

どなたかがご指摘のように「リ」が省かれるという習慣があるのならなおさらです。これが「リャン・・」や「リヤン・・」ではそうはいきませんが。
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Anonymous28/9/08 12:29
　　
　　皇城新聞の記者がリアンクール・ロックスを記事に書くとき、まず、その当時、リアンクール・ロックスを韓国語でどう表記するのか確立されたものがあったならば、記者はそれを用いるはずです。ところが、６月１日と６月２日の記事では「ジウンコルド巌」、「アンコフ島」というふうに異なる表記が用いられているので、このことからは、当時確立したものがなかったのだろうと思われます。

　これに対して、リアンクール・ロックスというものがもともと知られていなかったとすると、記事を書くときに、さて何と表記しようか、ということになります。で、その時に一体何を見ていたのか、ということが今ここで問題になっているわけですよね。

　何を見ていたのかというと、可能性としては、まず日本語のカタカナが考えられます。
もう一つは、そのカタカナを見て、原語ではどうなっているんだ？と考えて「Liancourt Rocks」となっていることを確認してそれを韓国語で表記したということです。

　現時点ではどっちなのか判断するのは難しいですね。pacifistさんの質問は「リアンコールド島」というカタカナ表記を見てそれを「アンコフ島」と訳したのではないかという意味かと思われますが、もしそうならば「ド」も訳されるはずですから、ちょっと違うのではないかと思います。

　
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pacifist28/9/08 13:19
chaamiey様

「何を見ていたのかというと、可能性としては、まず日本語のカタカナが考えられます。
もう一つは、そのカタカナを見て、原語ではどうなっているんだ？と考えてLiancourt Rocksとなっていることを確認してそれを韓国語で表記したということです。
現時点ではどっちなのか判断するのは難しいですね。」

同意いたします。

しかし、「リアンコールド島」が「アンコフ島」表記の元ではないと完全に言い切ることにはまだ完全に同意は出来ません。

もしも「リアンコールド島」というカタカナ表記をハングルに直す場合、頭の「リ」が本当に略されるのかどうか、私は存じませんが仮にそうだとすれば、次に「ー」はハングルでは表記しませんから「アンコルド島」と表記することになりますね。

「ルド」루도と「フ」후には우の下の部分以外には大きな共通点はありませんから（記者がカタカナのルをフに読み違えたとかしない限り）、断定は出来ませんが、他に「アンコフ」の由来の根拠がない限り、完全に否定することは出来ないのではないでしょうか。

ちなみに「アンコフ」안꼬후が「ヤンコ」얀코や「リャンコ」랄코由来ならハングル表記の上でむしろ相違部分が大きくなるように思うのですが、どうでしょうか。
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pacifist28/9/08 14:35
整理してみました：
みんな「꼬」を使うという前提でひょうきしてみました。

１．「アンコフ島」안꼬후島

２．「リアンコールド島」
　　　→「アンコルド島」안꼬루도島
３．「ヤンコ島」얀꼬島
４．「リャンコ島」랄꼬島

もしも日本の雑誌に「あんこふ（読みは「あんこう」となる）島」と表記したものがあれば一番近いのでしょうが・・・
「リャンコ島」を「リアンコー島」と表記したものがあってもおかしくはない様な気もしますが、実物が見つからないと証明は出来ませんね。
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Anonymous28/9/08 20:35
　　まあ、「アンコフ島」とか「ジウンコルド巌」という韓国語表記が何に由来したものかは興味あるところではありますが、それが突き止められなくても、６月１日と６月２日の皇城新聞の記事は、下の投稿でKaneganeseさんも書いているように、現在のＴａｋｅｓｈｉｍａ（独島）を示すのに、「石島」も「独島」も「于山島」も使われなかったということが確認されただけでも大きな意味がありますね。
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sloww22/5/12 22:38
Pacifist,

Could you show me the whole image of this map to see if Dokdo is depicted as Korean land or not?

I have a similar looking Japanese map named "日本海大海戰圖" which was made by same publisher and in the same year as the map you showed. In "日本海大海戰圖", Dokdo is depicted as Korean land.

日本海大海戰圖1
日本海大海戰圖2
日本海大海戰圖3

Wasn't this map included in "日露戦争実記"?
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NE Shore of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도)

This satellite photo shows Ulleungdo's neighboring islands of Gwaneumdo (觀音島) and Jukdo (竹島) off Ulleungdo's east shore. Gwaneumdo is only about 100 meters offshore and looks more like a cape than an island. Jukdo is about 2 km offshore. The old Korean name for Jukdo was "Usando" (于山島), as many of Korea's old maps show. Koreans claim that Usando was Korea's old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but they have no documents or maps to prove it. Also, Liancourt Rocks is about ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo and are essentially two islands, but all of Korea's old maps show it as one island just off shore of Ulleungdo.

"Cheonggudo" (靑邱圖) Atlas (1860 - 1872)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed it with a small island off its eastern shore labeled as "Usan" (于山). Hash marks at the bottom of the map showed that Usan was less than 4 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. That would mean that it would be Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo, which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but Dokdo is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo and is essentially two islands, not one. The map is stored in the National Library of Korea.

"Cheonggudo" (靑邱圖) Atlas (1834)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed Usan (于山 - 우산) as a neighboring island just off Ulleungdo's east shore. The hash marks at the bottom of the map showed the island to be about 4 km offshore. Usando was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo, which is about 2.2 km of Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old Korean name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), which is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map and many others prove that claim false. The map is stored in Seoul National University's Kyujanggak Center for Korean Studies.

"Dong Yeodo" (東輿圖) Atlas (1795 - 1800)

This map showed Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a neighboring island labeled as "Usan" (于山 - 우산). Usando (于山島) was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), which is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map and many others prove that claim wrong. The map is stored in Japan's "University of Tsukuba Library" (筑波大学附属図書館).

"Joseon-do" (朝鮮圖) - 1800 - 1822

This map of Ullelungdo (鬱陵島) is from the Korean atlas "Joseon-do" (朝鮮圖), which is believed to have been made sometime between 1800 and 1822. Ulleungdo is shown with a neighboring island labeled as Usan (于山). Koreans claim that Usando (于山島) was the old Korean name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map and many others show that it was Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島), which is Ulleungdo's largest neighboring island and only two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. The map is stored in the Osaka Nakanoshima Library (中之島圖書館).

"Gwandong Bangyeo" (關東方輿) - late 1800s?)

This map of Ulleungdo comes from an atlas entitled "Gwandong Bangyeo" (關東方輿), which was probably made in the late 1800s since the map is very similarly to another map of Ulleungdo that was made between 1884 and 1894. The mapmaker used gridlines to help show relative size and distance. The map shows Ulleungdo with a small island off its east shore labeled as "Usan" (于山), which was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도). Jukdo is Ulleungdo's largest neighoring island and is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old Korean name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but they have no maps or documents to prove it. The map is stored in the Korean National Library.

"Joseon Jido" (朝鮮地圖) Atlas (1750 - 1768)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed "Usan" (于山 - 우산) as a neighboring island. The grid lines on the map helped show the small island's relative distance from Ulleungdo. Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Korean's claim that Usando was the old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but this map and many others prove that claim false.

Inspector's Map of Ulleungdo (1711)

The map is an inspector's map that showed Ulleungdo with an island off its east shore labeled as "the so-called Usando" (所謂于山島). The small island was also labeled as having "fields of haejang bamboo" (海長竹田). Koreans claim that Usando was Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map shows that it could not have been Dokdo since Dokdo is just rocks without the soil to grow haejang bamboo. Also, Usando was shown as a neighboring island of Ulleungdo, but Dokdo is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo. Stored in Seoul Nat'l University's Kyujanggak Institute of Korean Studies.

"Haejwa Jeondo" (海左全圖) - mid 1800s

This old Korean map showed Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a small neighboring island just off its east shore labeled as "Usan" (于山 - 우산). Koreans claim that Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map is evidence against the Korean claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands 92 kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but the Usan on this map is just off Ulleungdo's east shore and is only one island. In fact, Usando was the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is only two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore.

Carte de la Coree (1846)

This map was made iin 1846 by Kim Dae-geon (金大建), who was Korea's first Catholic priest. He made this map for the benefit of the French priest he works with. He was killed by the Joseon government the same year this map was made. The map shows Ulleungdo labeled in French as "Oulangto" and its neighboring island of Usando labeled as "Ousan." Koreans claim that Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rock), but this map shows Usando as one island just of the east shore of Ulleungdo. That tells us that Usando was almost certainly Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is only 2 kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. Also, this island could not have been Liancourt Rocks since Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands not one. The original of this map is stored in the National Library of France.

Joseon Jeondo (朝鮮全圖) from the "Gakdo Jido" (各道地圖) Atlas (latter 18th c.)

This old Korean map showed an island labeled as "Usando" (于山島 - 우산도) just off the east shore of Ulleundo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도). Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map is more evidence against that claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map shows Usando as one island just off Ulleungdo's east shore. Usando was, in fact, the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. This map is stored in Korea's Yeongnam University Museum.

"Joseon Jido" (朝鮮地圖) Atlas (1898)

"Donggyeong San Cheon - Paldo Jido (東京山川八道地圖) Atlas (date unknown)

"Jeongukdo" (全國圖) from the "Dongguk Daecheondo" (東國大全圖) - 1740

This old Korean map shows Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a small neighboring island just off its east shore labeled as "Usando" (于山島 - 우산도). Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo, but this map is evidence against that claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but the Usando on this map is one island just off the east shore of Ulleungdo. Usando was, in fact, the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. This map is stored in the Korean National Museum.

竹島問題の歴史

27.9.08

1905 June 3: Japanese Magazine 日露戦争実記

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