Dokdo-or-Takeshima?: 1852 Weimar Geo Inst. Map

31.8.12

1852 Weimar Geo Inst. Map - "Das Chinesische Reich"

The following map was published by the Weimar Geographisches Institut in 1852. Among the countries the map shows are Korea and Japan. In the Sea of Japan, the map also shows "I. Dagelet" and "I. Argonaut," which were "Ulleungdo" (Dagelet) and a non-existent, mismapped Ulleungdo (Argonaut).

13 comments:

Anonymous31/8/12 22:09
It is not very important which island the island written on the map is showing.

The important thing is how people moved really watching the map. One who can not understand it repeats the wrong claim that these two islands are Ulleungdo and Takeshima/Dokdo.
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Gerry Bevers31/8/12 22:45
Hi Chaamiey,

You are right. Liancourt Rocks (Takeshima/Dokdo) do not appear on the map.

Anyway, I posted the map because I want to link to it later. The map was one of the maps Mr. Watanabe Kouki (渡辺洪基) referenced in an 1876 letter discussing the possible location of an island referred to as "Matsushima" by Mutoh Heigaku (武藤平学) in a 1876 petition to develop the island.
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Gerry Bevers1/9/12 01:05
Hi Chaamiey,

In Watanabe Kouki's "Second Opinion on Matsushima," does anyone know what map he was referring to when he wrote チスチーレルノ圖?
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sloww1/9/12 01:11
In the above western map, there are two islands marked as non-existent Argonaut and Dagelet(=Ulleongdo). Dokdo was not drawn.

Then, how about the Meiji-era Japanese maps depicting two islands between mainland Korea and Oki land? Are they also non-existent Argonaut and Dagelet(=Ulleongdo) each? No. The two islands in the Japanese map are Takeshima(Japanese old name for Ulleongdo) and Matsushima(Japanese old name for Dokdo) respectively. There was no reason Dokdo was not drawn.

Argonaut is what the westerners made by confusion. There was no reason Japanese drew non-existent Argonaut in the Japanese map.

The Japanese mapmakers started to copy the western maps like the above map. They drew Takeshima and Matsushima in the position of Argonaut and Dagelet in the western maps respectively. That's why Takeshima and Matsushima in the Meiji-era maps are located at the wrong longitude and latitude.

There are some Japanese maps depicting Ulloengdo and Dokdo as Korean land. The examples are (朝鮮國全圖,1877) and (新撰朝鮮國全圖, 1894)

The pro-Japanese people are desperate to deny those maps. What they do is making Takehsima as Argonaut and Matsushima as Ulleongdo(=Dagelet). In that case, Dokdo disappears. So they insist Dokdo was not drawn and Dokdo was not considered as Korean land in those maps. They just make ill use of western mapping error

Their distortion of Meiji-era maps seem to be working perfectly well in misleading the ignorant Japanese, which is sad.

According to their false logic, almost all of the Meiji-era maps omitted Dokdo. Does it make sense? The Japanese have enough reasons not to omit Dokdo in their maps.

Anyone who like to know the western mapping error and its influence on Japan is welcomed to go here.
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Anonymous1/9/12 02:04
チスチーレルノ圖? Sorry, Mr.Bevers, I do not Know about it at all.
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arare1/9/12 13:15
Gerry Bevers様　

I readチスチ－レルノ圖in Watanabe Kouki's "Second Opinion on Matsushima"「即チスチーレルノ圖」（エムテイ出版刊行『竹島考證』下巻, p.198）．
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小嶋日向守1/9/12 16:12
Gerry,
チスチーレル is wrong.
即チスチーレルノ図　means "即ちスチーレルの図は".

国立公文書館　アジア歴史資料センター
http://www.jacar.go.jp/DAS/meta/listPhoto?REFCODE=A04017259200&IS_STYLE=default&image_num=55
標題　単行書・竹島考証・下
p25 25/55

日耳曼ゴタ「ゲルマン(ゼルマン)」のスチーレルの図
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Gerry Bevers1/9/12 23:08
Arare,

Yes, I have just posted my translation of "Watanabe's "Second Opion on Matsushima," but I don't know what チスチ－レルノ圖 is referring to, so I couldn't translate it into English.
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Gerry Bevers1/9/12 23:16
小嶋日向守,

I am not sure what you are saying. Instead of "チスチーレルノ圖," I wrote "チスチーレルノ map." Is that wrong?
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小嶋日向守2/9/12 00:24
Sorry,
That was a sketchy explanation.

即チスチーレルノ図

即チ、→　that is to say / In short / namely

スチーレル、→Stieler

ノ、→　of / one's

圖→　map

Gotha Stieler atlas
http://dokdo-or-takeshima.blogspot.jp/2012/04/1875-stieler-atlas-map-of-japan-korea.html

China (Ostl. Theil), Korea Und Japan. Stieler, Adolf, 1875
http://www.davidrumsey.com/maps1654.html
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Gerry Bevers2/9/12 01:13
You are right, 小嶋日向守, I didn't notice that. I thought the チ is 即チ was part of the map's name. Thanks a lot.

Do you also happen to know what ヲーベルス is referring to? I also left that untranslated in the document.
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小嶋日向守10/9/12 21:50
Gerry,
I finally penetrated the meaning of the riddle ヲーぺルスの亜細亜図.
These words were written "キーペルス" and "図" in Watanabe's original manuscript.
He was a geographer Mr. Heinrich Kiepert in Weimar.
Please correct your translation as "Asia map in Kiepert's atlas" or "The Map of Asia by Kiepert in Germany "

Hand-Atlas des Himmels und der Erde (1876)
50. Asia
http://www.atlassen.info/atlassen/geog_inst/allha45/picslarge/allha1876k050.jpg
54. Southeast Asia: China, Japan, Indochina, Malay Archipelago
http://www.atlassen.info/atlassen/geog_inst/allha45/picslarge/allha1876k054.jpg

http://www.atlassen.info/atlassen/geog_inst/allha42/picslarge/allha1860k050.jpg
http://www.atlassen.info/atlassen/geog_inst/allha42/picsxl/allha1869k050.jpg
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Gerry Bevers11/9/12 05:31
Thank you, 小嶋日向守, but I am a little confused about why the same map was mentioned twice.

This 1852 Map under which we are commenting was also made by Heinrich Kiepert, so I wondering why "Geographische Institu in Weimar" was mentioned.

Among the maps mentioned below, aren't #4 and #6 the same map?

1) The British “Royal Atlas”
英ノロヤールアトラス

2) “Atlas Universel,” by Brué of France
佛ブルーエノ大圖

3) “Map of Japan and Korea” by James Wyld, geographer to the British Queen
英女王地理家ゼイムスウイルドノ日本朝鮮

4) “Map of Asia” by Kiepert of Germany
日耳曼ヲーペルス亞細亞國

5) 1875 Gotha: “Stieler Atlas”
千八百七十五年ゴツタノスチールスノアドラス

6) map by the Geographische Institu in Weimar
ウアイマル、地理局ノ圖
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NE Shore of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도)

This satellite photo shows Ulleungdo's neighboring islands of Gwaneumdo (觀音島) and Jukdo (竹島) off Ulleungdo's east shore. Gwaneumdo is only about 100 meters offshore and looks more like a cape than an island. Jukdo is about 2 km offshore. The old Korean name for Jukdo was "Usando" (于山島), as many of Korea's old maps show. Koreans claim that Usando was Korea's old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but they have no documents or maps to prove it. Also, Liancourt Rocks is about ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo and are essentially two islands, but all of Korea's old maps show it as one island just off shore of Ulleungdo.

"Cheonggudo" (靑邱圖) Atlas (1860 - 1872)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed it with a small island off its eastern shore labeled as "Usan" (于山). Hash marks at the bottom of the map showed that Usan was less than 4 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. That would mean that it would be Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo, which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but Dokdo is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo and is essentially two islands, not one. The map is stored in the National Library of Korea.

"Cheonggudo" (靑邱圖) Atlas (1834)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed Usan (于山 - 우산) as a neighboring island just off Ulleungdo's east shore. The hash marks at the bottom of the map showed the island to be about 4 km offshore. Usando was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo, which is about 2.2 km of Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old Korean name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), which is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map and many others prove that claim false. The map is stored in Seoul National University's Kyujanggak Center for Korean Studies.

"Dong Yeodo" (東輿圖) Atlas (1795 - 1800)

This map showed Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a neighboring island labeled as "Usan" (于山 - 우산). Usando (于山島) was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), which is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map and many others prove that claim wrong. The map is stored in Japan's "University of Tsukuba Library" (筑波大学附属図書館).

"Joseon-do" (朝鮮圖) - 1800 - 1822

This map of Ullelungdo (鬱陵島) is from the Korean atlas "Joseon-do" (朝鮮圖), which is believed to have been made sometime between 1800 and 1822. Ulleungdo is shown with a neighboring island labeled as Usan (于山). Koreans claim that Usando (于山島) was the old Korean name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map and many others show that it was Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島), which is Ulleungdo's largest neighboring island and only two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. The map is stored in the Osaka Nakanoshima Library (中之島圖書館).

"Gwandong Bangyeo" (關東方輿) - late 1800s?)

This map of Ulleungdo comes from an atlas entitled "Gwandong Bangyeo" (關東方輿), which was probably made in the late 1800s since the map is very similarly to another map of Ulleungdo that was made between 1884 and 1894. The mapmaker used gridlines to help show relative size and distance. The map shows Ulleungdo with a small island off its east shore labeled as "Usan" (于山), which was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도). Jukdo is Ulleungdo's largest neighoring island and is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old Korean name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but they have no maps or documents to prove it. The map is stored in the Korean National Library.

"Joseon Jido" (朝鮮地圖) Atlas (1750 - 1768)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed "Usan" (于山 - 우산) as a neighboring island. The grid lines on the map helped show the small island's relative distance from Ulleungdo. Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Korean's claim that Usando was the old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but this map and many others prove that claim false.

Inspector's Map of Ulleungdo (1711)

The map is an inspector's map that showed Ulleungdo with an island off its east shore labeled as "the so-called Usando" (所謂于山島). The small island was also labeled as having "fields of haejang bamboo" (海長竹田). Koreans claim that Usando was Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map shows that it could not have been Dokdo since Dokdo is just rocks without the soil to grow haejang bamboo. Also, Usando was shown as a neighboring island of Ulleungdo, but Dokdo is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo. Stored in Seoul Nat'l University's Kyujanggak Institute of Korean Studies.

"Haejwa Jeondo" (海左全圖) - mid 1800s

This old Korean map showed Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a small neighboring island just off its east shore labeled as "Usan" (于山 - 우산). Koreans claim that Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map is evidence against the Korean claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands 92 kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but the Usan on this map is just off Ulleungdo's east shore and is only one island. In fact, Usando was the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is only two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore.

Carte de la Coree (1846)

This map was made iin 1846 by Kim Dae-geon (金大建), who was Korea's first Catholic priest. He made this map for the benefit of the French priest he works with. He was killed by the Joseon government the same year this map was made. The map shows Ulleungdo labeled in French as "Oulangto" and its neighboring island of Usando labeled as "Ousan." Koreans claim that Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rock), but this map shows Usando as one island just of the east shore of Ulleungdo. That tells us that Usando was almost certainly Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is only 2 kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. Also, this island could not have been Liancourt Rocks since Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands not one. The original of this map is stored in the National Library of France.

Joseon Jeondo (朝鮮全圖) from the "Gakdo Jido" (各道地圖) Atlas (latter 18th c.)

This old Korean map showed an island labeled as "Usando" (于山島 - 우산도) just off the east shore of Ulleundo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도). Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map is more evidence against that claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map shows Usando as one island just off Ulleungdo's east shore. Usando was, in fact, the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. This map is stored in Korea's Yeongnam University Museum.

"Joseon Jido" (朝鮮地圖) Atlas (1898)

"Donggyeong San Cheon - Paldo Jido (東京山川八道地圖) Atlas (date unknown)

"Jeongukdo" (全國圖) from the "Dongguk Daecheondo" (東國大全圖) - 1740

This old Korean map shows Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a small neighboring island just off its east shore labeled as "Usando" (于山島 - 우산도). Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo, but this map is evidence against that claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but the Usando on this map is one island just off the east shore of Ulleungdo. Usando was, in fact, the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. This map is stored in the Korean National Museum.

竹島問題の歴史

31.8.12

1852 Weimar Geo Inst. Map - "Das Chinesische Reich"

13 comments: