Dokdo-or-Takeshima?: Toda Takayoshi's (戶田敬義) pre-1876 Map of Ulleungdo

4.5.12

Toda Takayoshi's (戶田敬義) pre-1876 Map of Ulleungdo - Map B

The following map, entitled "Map of Takeshima" (竹嶌之圖), is one of three maps of "Takeshima" (Ulleungdo) obtained by Toda Takayoshi (戶田敬義) in 1876 or earlier. I only know of two of them, which I will call Map A and Map B. This is Map B, and my post on Map A can be found HERE. You can go to the source of Map B at Mr. Tanaka's Web site HERE to find a much larger version of the map.

One of his maps was mentioned in an 1876 letter entitled "Concerning Matsushma 2," which was written by Watanabe Kouki (渡辺洪基), the Director of the Bureau of Documents in Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs at the time. In the letter, Mr. Watanabe said that Toda Takayoshi's survey map showed the circumference of "Takeshima" (Ulleungdo) to be about 23 ri, a measure that was calculated by adding up all the measurements of the ins and outs of the shoreline on the map. He also said the island in the south corner of the map was probably Uindo (于人島), which was very probably a misspelling of Usando (于山島).

The reference to the map in Mr. Watanabe's letter was as follows:

又戶田敬義ノ圖私船ノ測量ヲ總計スレハ二十三里餘トナル[尤曲屈出入ヲ合セ沿岸]

Moreover, it you add up all the measurements done by Toda Takayoshi (戶田敬義) on his map they total about 23 ri. (That includes all the ins and outs of the shoreline.) That circumference is more than just a little different than that of Matsushima, or Dagelet. On the south corner of the map is drawn an island that has a circumference of about 1.5 ri. The island is probably Uindo (于人島).

10 comments:

Gerry Bevers4/5/12 01:59
What does the 斗 in the 三里斗 on the map mean?
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小嶋日向守4/5/12 04:08
斗=許=計 (bakari)
ばかり
1) about, approximately, nearly
2) less than, below
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Gerry Bevers4/5/12 04:39
Thanks 小嶋日向守. I thought that may be what it meant.
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Gerry Bevers4/5/12 15:43
I tried to add up the measurements on the map and got about 23 ri, just as Mr. Watanabe said. Could someone check it for me and tell me the characters for those I marked with an *?

North Side

1. 岩濵吾拾丁斗 = 5 to 10 丁 = .25里
2. 吾丁斗 = 5 丁 = .14 里
3. 大鼻吾拾丁斗 = 5 to 10 丁 = .25里
4. 壱里半濵 = 1.5里
5. 平地二里 = 2里
-----------------
..........4.14里

East Side

1. 大岩濵三里斗 = 3里
2. 大岩濵三里斗 = 3里
-------------------
................6里

South Side

1. 大岩阻壱里半 = 1.5 里
2. *鼻壱里半岩阻 = 1.5里
3. *內三里斗 = 3里
4. *鼻壱里半 = 1.5里
5. *所小砂*三里斗 = 3里
6. *所大岩山三拾丁斗 = .8里
7. *所砂*二里斗 = 2里
-------------------------
...................13.3里

West Side

1. **壁地大石拾*斗
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Anonymous4/5/12 21:02
Mr.Bevers,

My reading is as follows.
Unfortunately, it became 27.7里.

North Side

1. 岩濵五拾丁斗 = 50丁 = 1.39里
2. 五丁斗 = 5 丁 = 0.14里
3. 大鼻五拾丁斗 = 50 丁 =1.39里
4. 壱里半　濵 = 1.5里
5. 平地二里 = 2里
----------------- 6.42里

East Side

1. 大岩濵三里斗 = 3里
2. 大岩濵三里斗 = 3里
-------------------
................6里

South Side

1.大岩阻　壱里半 = 1.5 里
2.此鼻壱里半　岩阻 = 1.5里
3.此內三里斗 = 3里
4.此鼻壱里半 = 1.5里
5.此所小砂濱三里斗 = 3里
6.此所大岩山三拾丁斗 = 0.83里
7.此所砂濱二里斗 = 2里
8.此鼻山尾大石有壱リ(里)斗=1里
...................14.33里

West Side

1.此濱陸地大石　壱リ(里)斗=1里

計27.7里

I saw Toda´s map for the first time. My reading may have some mistakes.
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Gerry Bevers4/5/12 22:49
Thanks, Chaamiey.

I interpreted 五拾丁斗 to be 5 to 10 丁 instead of 50 because I felt they would use 里 instead of counting 丁 that high. Also, the 5 丁 inlet next to it, did not look like it was 10 times smaller.

Anyway, if you ignore 丁 and just count the numbers marked with 理 and リ, then it adds up to 24 里. I wonder if that is what Mr Watanabe did? Or may he have dicounted something that he did not consider relevent to the measure of the shoreline?
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Gerry Bevers4/5/12 22:58
Now I will have to count Toda Takayoshi's other map to see how it adds up.
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小嶋日向守4/5/12 23:49
I agree with Chaamiey's reading and calculation.

竹嶌之圖

北(North Side)
岩濵五拾丁斗川二ツ
大岩山川二ツ五丁斗
大鼻五拾丁斗　岩阻シ
壱里半濵川弐ツ
此鼻岩阻　奥行廣キ平地迄二里斗
草木山 (もともと?)茂り
岩組五拾間斗　立岩三ツ　海中有

東(East Side)
大岩濵三里斗岩粗大岩濵三里斗

南(South Side)
大岩阻　壱里半　　此嶌廻り壱リ半
此鼻壱里半　岩阻
此立岩三十間斗
此内三里斗　入海有り
此鼻壱里半
川壱ツ
此所小砂濱三里斗　所々岩有り
川弐ツ
此所大岩山三拾丁斗
此所砂濱二里斗奥行　深キ平地有リ相分ス川三ツ　
此鼻山ノ尾大石アリ　壱リ斗

西(West Side)
此濱陸地大石アリ　壱リ斗
川弐ツ
大岩粗竹禾　大岩三ツ
高サ五拾間余
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Gerry Bevers5/5/12 01:12
Thanks 小嶋日向守. This gives me something to think about.
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小嶋日向守5/5/12 18:43
Not at all, Gerry.

That was the usual use of a phrase "二里十八町" as a substitute for "二里半".
But I think if it was a broken number "二里十四町", the term "五十町" was in popular use in those days.
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NE Shore of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도)

This satellite photo shows Ulleungdo's neighboring islands of Gwaneumdo (觀音島) and Jukdo (竹島) off Ulleungdo's east shore. Gwaneumdo is only about 100 meters offshore and looks more like a cape than an island. Jukdo is about 2 km offshore. The old Korean name for Jukdo was "Usando" (于山島), as many of Korea's old maps show. Koreans claim that Usando was Korea's old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but they have no documents or maps to prove it. Also, Liancourt Rocks is about ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo and are essentially two islands, but all of Korea's old maps show it as one island just off shore of Ulleungdo.

"Cheonggudo" (靑邱圖) Atlas (1860 - 1872)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed it with a small island off its eastern shore labeled as "Usan" (于山). Hash marks at the bottom of the map showed that Usan was less than 4 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. That would mean that it would be Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo, which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but Dokdo is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo and is essentially two islands, not one. The map is stored in the National Library of Korea.

"Cheonggudo" (靑邱圖) Atlas (1834)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed Usan (于山 - 우산) as a neighboring island just off Ulleungdo's east shore. The hash marks at the bottom of the map showed the island to be about 4 km offshore. Usando was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo, which is about 2.2 km of Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old Korean name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), which is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map and many others prove that claim false. The map is stored in Seoul National University's Kyujanggak Center for Korean Studies.

"Dong Yeodo" (東輿圖) Atlas (1795 - 1800)

This map showed Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a neighboring island labeled as "Usan" (于山 - 우산). Usando (于山島) was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), which is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map and many others prove that claim wrong. The map is stored in Japan's "University of Tsukuba Library" (筑波大学附属図書館).

"Joseon-do" (朝鮮圖) - 1800 - 1822

This map of Ullelungdo (鬱陵島) is from the Korean atlas "Joseon-do" (朝鮮圖), which is believed to have been made sometime between 1800 and 1822. Ulleungdo is shown with a neighboring island labeled as Usan (于山). Koreans claim that Usando (于山島) was the old Korean name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map and many others show that it was Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島), which is Ulleungdo's largest neighboring island and only two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. The map is stored in the Osaka Nakanoshima Library (中之島圖書館).

"Gwandong Bangyeo" (關東方輿) - late 1800s?)

This map of Ulleungdo comes from an atlas entitled "Gwandong Bangyeo" (關東方輿), which was probably made in the late 1800s since the map is very similarly to another map of Ulleungdo that was made between 1884 and 1894. The mapmaker used gridlines to help show relative size and distance. The map shows Ulleungdo with a small island off its east shore labeled as "Usan" (于山), which was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도). Jukdo is Ulleungdo's largest neighoring island and is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old Korean name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but they have no maps or documents to prove it. The map is stored in the Korean National Library.

"Joseon Jido" (朝鮮地圖) Atlas (1750 - 1768)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed "Usan" (于山 - 우산) as a neighboring island. The grid lines on the map helped show the small island's relative distance from Ulleungdo. Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Korean's claim that Usando was the old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but this map and many others prove that claim false.

Inspector's Map of Ulleungdo (1711)

The map is an inspector's map that showed Ulleungdo with an island off its east shore labeled as "the so-called Usando" (所謂于山島). The small island was also labeled as having "fields of haejang bamboo" (海長竹田). Koreans claim that Usando was Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map shows that it could not have been Dokdo since Dokdo is just rocks without the soil to grow haejang bamboo. Also, Usando was shown as a neighboring island of Ulleungdo, but Dokdo is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo. Stored in Seoul Nat'l University's Kyujanggak Institute of Korean Studies.

"Haejwa Jeondo" (海左全圖) - mid 1800s

This old Korean map showed Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a small neighboring island just off its east shore labeled as "Usan" (于山 - 우산). Koreans claim that Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map is evidence against the Korean claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands 92 kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but the Usan on this map is just off Ulleungdo's east shore and is only one island. In fact, Usando was the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is only two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore.

Carte de la Coree (1846)

This map was made iin 1846 by Kim Dae-geon (金大建), who was Korea's first Catholic priest. He made this map for the benefit of the French priest he works with. He was killed by the Joseon government the same year this map was made. The map shows Ulleungdo labeled in French as "Oulangto" and its neighboring island of Usando labeled as "Ousan." Koreans claim that Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rock), but this map shows Usando as one island just of the east shore of Ulleungdo. That tells us that Usando was almost certainly Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is only 2 kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. Also, this island could not have been Liancourt Rocks since Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands not one. The original of this map is stored in the National Library of France.

Joseon Jeondo (朝鮮全圖) from the "Gakdo Jido" (各道地圖) Atlas (latter 18th c.)

This old Korean map showed an island labeled as "Usando" (于山島 - 우산도) just off the east shore of Ulleundo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도). Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map is more evidence against that claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map shows Usando as one island just off Ulleungdo's east shore. Usando was, in fact, the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. This map is stored in Korea's Yeongnam University Museum.

"Joseon Jido" (朝鮮地圖) Atlas (1898)

"Donggyeong San Cheon - Paldo Jido (東京山川八道地圖) Atlas (date unknown)

"Jeongukdo" (全國圖) from the "Dongguk Daecheondo" (東國大全圖) - 1740

This old Korean map shows Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a small neighboring island just off its east shore labeled as "Usando" (于山島 - 우산도). Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo, but this map is evidence against that claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but the Usando on this map is one island just off the east shore of Ulleungdo. Usando was, in fact, the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. This map is stored in the Korean National Museum.

竹島問題の歴史

4.5.12

Toda Takayoshi's (戶田敬義) pre-1876 Map of Ulleungdo - Map B

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