Dokdo-or-Takeshima?: Toda Takayoshi's (戶田敬義) pre-1876 Map of Ulleungdo

5.5.12

Toda Takayoshi's (戶田敬義) pre-1876 Map of Ulleungdo - Map A

The following map is one of three maps of "Takeshima" (Ulleungdo) obtained by Toda Takayoshi (戶田敬義) in 1876 or earlier. Another of his maps can be seen HERE. I am calling them Map A and Map B. This Map A looks a little more accurate than Map B. I do not know what happened to his third map.

One of his maps was mentioned in an 1876 letter entitled "Concerning Matsushma 2," which was written by Watanabe Kouki (渡辺洪基), the Director of the Bureau of Documents in Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs at the time. In the letter, Mr. Watanabe said that Toda Takayoshi's survey map showed the circumference of "Takeshima" (Ulleungdo) to be about 23 ri, a measure that was calculated by adding up all the measurements of the ins and outs of the shoreline on the map. The reference to the map was as follows:

又戶田敬義ノ圖私船ノ測量ヲ總計スレハ二十三里餘トナル[尤曲屈出入ヲ合セ沿岸]

Also, if you calculate all the survey measurements on Toda Takayoshi's private ship survey map, they add up to about 23 ri. (That measure includes all the ins and outs of the shoreline.)

I posting the map to give people an opportunity to look at it and to comment on it. I will modify the post later after reading the comments and studying the map myself, including trying to determine the circumference of the island. It looks like an interesting map. You can go to the source of the map at Mr. Tanaka's Web site HERE to find a much larger version.

I wonder what happened to Mr. Toda Takayoshi's third map of Ulleungdo.

10 comments:

Gerry Bevers5/5/12 12:56
On the northwest section of the map, could someone please tell me what the character is between 長 and 五 and what it means in the following:

濵長*五七丁
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Gerry Bevers5/5/12 13:37
Also, what is the character after 亥子 supposed to be and what does it mean here?
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Anonymous5/5/12 15:49
Mr.Bevers,

濵長サ五七丁

長サ＝length

亥子請

There are some characters of "請" or "受" on this map. They seem to be showing direction.
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小嶋日向守6/5/12 01:41
天保四巳霜月十九日夜求之
持主権吉
明治七年冬借求

西
此鼻酉戌(WNW)　岩組　此内大岩組　亥子(NNW)請
谷合一ツ　川一ツ
濱長サ五七丁　(5 to 7)
此上　岩山　高百間斗
谷三ツ　川三ツ濱長サ十五丁
此岩山　高百間斗
子方(northward)請　
濱長サ凢十丁谷合二ツ　川弐ツ少々平地有

北
●落　大岩組
此小嶌　高間余　廻リ凢(凡)四拾間
此間弐丁
谷合壱ツ　川壱ツ　濱長サ五六丁
丑(NNE)受
此瀬戸三拾間廻り十四五丁
此邊子(north)受
此崎　瀧三ツ高●●丁

東
本嶌ヨリ十五丁斗廻り八丁斗
此大岩組
岩組谷合四ツ渚三ツ干川弐ツ
此濱長サ廿丁余卯受
此嶌　高凡五拾丁(間の誤記?)　廻り十五間
此鼻　此大岩組　濱三丁　此入込二丁
辰巳(southeast)受谷壱ツ川壱ツ
高三十間廻二十間
谷合一ツ川一ツ
濱一丁半巳(SSE)受
岩組

南
此濱凡壱里半　谷合四ツ川四ツ　巳午(SSSE)受
此鼻岩組　午未(SSSW)受
此濱未(SSW)受　谷合弐ツ　奥行深シ平地有
流川弐ツ長サ凡三十丁
此鼻申(WSW)受
谷川一ツ　岩組
此濱　西(W)請　長十五丁谷合一ツ川一ツ
平地有奥行　相不分
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Gerry Bevers6/5/12 04:49
Wow! Thank you very, very much, 小嶋日向守. You saved me a lot of pain and effort.

By the way, I noticed that the stamps on both of the Toda Takayoshi maps are the same. Also, the maps are labeled in RED as being "Item #1" (第壹号) and "Item #3" (第三号). That suggests that there should also be a third map, "Item #2" (第二号).

Has anyone seen a map with "第二号" written in RED on it?
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小嶋日向守6/5/12 13:19
I've found an article that pertain to 竹嶋/鬱陵島.
http://www.pref.shimane.lg.jp/soumu/web-takeshima/takeshima04/takeshima04_01/index.data/04.pdf

The map "第壱号" is the figure " (A)図　天保４年の「竹嶋之図" included in the above pdf.
The map "第三号" is the figure "(F)図　金森建策の絵図(４)".
I think the map "第二号" may be the figure "(C)図　金森建策の絵図(１)".
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Gerry Bevers7/5/12 08:16
小嶋日向守,

Yes, Figure A seems to be "第壱号" (Map A), and Figure F seems to be "第三号" (Map B), but why do you think Figure C is "第二号"?
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小嶋日向守7/5/12 16:28
Because, "第一号" and "第三号" belonging to the diplomatic documents in NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF JAPAN.
The figure C and D which are the property of NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF JAPAN, too.
And their captions (e.g. 此濱長サ二十丁余) extracted several passages from the "第一号".
However, I am not certain. Now I guess figure D has even odds.

My additional decipherment.
當巳七月隠州後後賀福浦ニ●(テ?)順待仕候間
十七日出舩仕同廿一日竹嶌江入津仕候　八月廿三日
出舩仕廿七日石州濱田江(へ)入津仕候

The former 後 is sure, but latter 後 is not sure.
But the former 後 may be a clerical mistake.
The county name can be "嶋後".
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小嶋日向守10/5/12 03:20
当時は、「後嶋」という言い方もしたようなので、「當巳七月隠州後嶋賀福浦」かも知れません。
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chintamreddy18/8/14 23:04
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NE Shore of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도)

This satellite photo shows Ulleungdo's neighboring islands of Gwaneumdo (觀音島) and Jukdo (竹島) off Ulleungdo's east shore. Gwaneumdo is only about 100 meters offshore and looks more like a cape than an island. Jukdo is about 2 km offshore. The old Korean name for Jukdo was "Usando" (于山島), as many of Korea's old maps show. Koreans claim that Usando was Korea's old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but they have no documents or maps to prove it. Also, Liancourt Rocks is about ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo and are essentially two islands, but all of Korea's old maps show it as one island just off shore of Ulleungdo.

"Cheonggudo" (靑邱圖) Atlas (1860 - 1872)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed it with a small island off its eastern shore labeled as "Usan" (于山). Hash marks at the bottom of the map showed that Usan was less than 4 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. That would mean that it would be Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo, which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but Dokdo is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo and is essentially two islands, not one. The map is stored in the National Library of Korea.

"Cheonggudo" (靑邱圖) Atlas (1834)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed Usan (于山 - 우산) as a neighboring island just off Ulleungdo's east shore. The hash marks at the bottom of the map showed the island to be about 4 km offshore. Usando was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo, which is about 2.2 km of Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old Korean name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), which is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map and many others prove that claim false. The map is stored in Seoul National University's Kyujanggak Center for Korean Studies.

"Dong Yeodo" (東輿圖) Atlas (1795 - 1800)

This map showed Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a neighboring island labeled as "Usan" (于山 - 우산). Usando (于山島) was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), which is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map and many others prove that claim wrong. The map is stored in Japan's "University of Tsukuba Library" (筑波大学附属図書館).

"Joseon-do" (朝鮮圖) - 1800 - 1822

This map of Ullelungdo (鬱陵島) is from the Korean atlas "Joseon-do" (朝鮮圖), which is believed to have been made sometime between 1800 and 1822. Ulleungdo is shown with a neighboring island labeled as Usan (于山). Koreans claim that Usando (于山島) was the old Korean name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map and many others show that it was Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島), which is Ulleungdo's largest neighboring island and only two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. The map is stored in the Osaka Nakanoshima Library (中之島圖書館).

"Gwandong Bangyeo" (關東方輿) - late 1800s?)

This map of Ulleungdo comes from an atlas entitled "Gwandong Bangyeo" (關東方輿), which was probably made in the late 1800s since the map is very similarly to another map of Ulleungdo that was made between 1884 and 1894. The mapmaker used gridlines to help show relative size and distance. The map shows Ulleungdo with a small island off its east shore labeled as "Usan" (于山), which was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도). Jukdo is Ulleungdo's largest neighoring island and is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old Korean name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but they have no maps or documents to prove it. The map is stored in the Korean National Library.

"Joseon Jido" (朝鮮地圖) Atlas (1750 - 1768)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed "Usan" (于山 - 우산) as a neighboring island. The grid lines on the map helped show the small island's relative distance from Ulleungdo. Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Korean's claim that Usando was the old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but this map and many others prove that claim false.

Inspector's Map of Ulleungdo (1711)

The map is an inspector's map that showed Ulleungdo with an island off its east shore labeled as "the so-called Usando" (所謂于山島). The small island was also labeled as having "fields of haejang bamboo" (海長竹田). Koreans claim that Usando was Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map shows that it could not have been Dokdo since Dokdo is just rocks without the soil to grow haejang bamboo. Also, Usando was shown as a neighboring island of Ulleungdo, but Dokdo is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo. Stored in Seoul Nat'l University's Kyujanggak Institute of Korean Studies.

"Haejwa Jeondo" (海左全圖) - mid 1800s

This old Korean map showed Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a small neighboring island just off its east shore labeled as "Usan" (于山 - 우산). Koreans claim that Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map is evidence against the Korean claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands 92 kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but the Usan on this map is just off Ulleungdo's east shore and is only one island. In fact, Usando was the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is only two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore.

Carte de la Coree (1846)

This map was made iin 1846 by Kim Dae-geon (金大建), who was Korea's first Catholic priest. He made this map for the benefit of the French priest he works with. He was killed by the Joseon government the same year this map was made. The map shows Ulleungdo labeled in French as "Oulangto" and its neighboring island of Usando labeled as "Ousan." Koreans claim that Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rock), but this map shows Usando as one island just of the east shore of Ulleungdo. That tells us that Usando was almost certainly Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is only 2 kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. Also, this island could not have been Liancourt Rocks since Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands not one. The original of this map is stored in the National Library of France.

Joseon Jeondo (朝鮮全圖) from the "Gakdo Jido" (各道地圖) Atlas (latter 18th c.)

This old Korean map showed an island labeled as "Usando" (于山島 - 우산도) just off the east shore of Ulleundo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도). Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map is more evidence against that claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map shows Usando as one island just off Ulleungdo's east shore. Usando was, in fact, the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. This map is stored in Korea's Yeongnam University Museum.

"Joseon Jido" (朝鮮地圖) Atlas (1898)

"Donggyeong San Cheon - Paldo Jido (東京山川八道地圖) Atlas (date unknown)

"Jeongukdo" (全國圖) from the "Dongguk Daecheondo" (東國大全圖) - 1740

This old Korean map shows Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a small neighboring island just off its east shore labeled as "Usando" (于山島 - 우산도). Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo, but this map is evidence against that claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but the Usando on this map is one island just off the east shore of Ulleungdo. Usando was, in fact, the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. This map is stored in the Korean National Museum.

竹島問題の歴史

5.5.12

Toda Takayoshi's (戶田敬義) pre-1876 Map of Ulleungdo - Map A

10 comments: