Dokdo-or-Takeshima?: 1894 French map of Korea and Japan

11.2.09

1894 French map of Korea and Japan

France had a lot of information about Korea in the 19th century because there were many French missionaries sent to this hermit country, although many of them were massacred later. Anyway, they had more information about Korea than other western countries had. So we have kept a big interest in French maps of Korea, although they are very scarce.
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Here is a French map of Korea and Japan at last - "Chine Orientale, Coree, Japon" from E. Schraider's "Atlas de geographie moderne" which was published in 1894 in Paris, France by Librairie Hachette et Cie.

Please look at the islands in the "Mer du Japon" - Ulleungdo was labelled as "Is. Dagelet (Matsou Sima) (Jap)" whilst Liancourt Rocks were labelled as "Is. Liancourt ou Hornet (Jap)".

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Now you may notice that there is a word (Jap) just below of each island name. France recognised that Ulleungdo and Liancourt Rocks belonged to Japan, as many other western countries did. At least, French people didn't think that Liancourt Rocks belonged to Korea - this is very important because French people knew more about Korea than other western countries. This is another evidence to show that the world didn't recognise that Liancourt Rocks belonged to Korea.

(Broughton bay was labelled as "G.de Broughton")

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[Click the left map to enlarge]

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Additionally, I would like to show you another "French map" here. This is from a French magazine "Le Tour de Monde", which was published in the 1860's in France. In this map of China and Korea, Korea didn't have either Ulleungdo or Liancourt Rocks.

(Broughton bay was labelled as "Golfe de Coree")

[Click the map to enlarge]

16 comments:

pacifist11/2/09 01:50
I hope all of you will like this map!
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Anonymous11/2/09 07:34
pacifistさん、新たな地図の発掘御苦労さまです。

　これらの地図は、当時、リアンクール・ロックスは朝鮮の島であるという情報が何も存在していなかったことを示していることになりますね。
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GTOMR11/2/09 11:58
If you can use French, please serch these record below?

1857.
Description des îles et des passages compris entre la partie nord de l'île Luçon et les îles du Japon.

1860.Renseignements hydrographiques sur les îles Bashée, les îles Formose et Lou-Tchou, la Corée, la Mer du Japon, les îles du Japon (Ports d'Hakodaki, Ne-e-Gate, ... Yedo) et la Mer d'Okhotsk (French Edition) (Paperback)

1861? Renseignements Hydrographiques sur la Mer du Japon, &c、2nd edition

1864.Chart ＃1467　Mer du Japon. France Navy

1867.Pilote de la mer de Chine, Ve Partie, La Mer du Japon. Paris

I guess those have some explanationa bout Matsushima and Tako-shima. but I couldn't find digital archives.
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pacifist11/2/09 12:32
chaamiey,

Thanks for your comment. Yes, I agree. The maps made by western countries including USA, UK, Germany and France, didn't indicate that Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks) belonged to Korea in the 1890's and early 1900's. Many of them rather indicated that it belonged to Japan.

It is very important to know that NO single map indicated that Dokdo belonged to Korea.

GTOMR,

Thanks for the information. Unfortunately I'm not good at reading French documents but I will try to catch some ...
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Kaneganese11/2/09 16:58
Thanks for a great map, pacifist

Even French considered Liancourt Rocks/Hornet island to be Japanese. And it was the common concept shared among Frecnch, Japanese, British, American and German, except for Korean who didn't even know what/where the island was. But ignorance cannot be the execuses for Korean to claim that was their island.
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pacifist11/2/09 22:38
Thanks Kaneganese. But I think Korean people in those days were not ignorant - they may have known that Liancourt Rocks were out of their territory. They knew the truth so they didn't refute various maps, documents, geographical books etc.

They seem to have turned to be ignorant after Rhee Syngman stole the rocks and began educating that the rocks were Korean origin.
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GTOMR12/2/09 10:57
I found there are a detailed Dagelet Chart by Russian navy, but I have only another credit card they requested so I cannot buy the map.
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pacifist12/2/09 14:00
GTOMR様、

Was it only a map of Dagelet?
Didn't it include information about Liancourt?

BTW, 方法を教えていただければ、私でよければ購入しますが・・・
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Kaneganese12/2/09 14:26
pacifist

I think Korean government finally came to realize the connection of 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 "Liancourt Rocks = Yanko-to = Takeshima(old Matsushima)" in 1906, when Shimane delegate visited Ulleungdo and Shim reported it to central government who surveyed the situation though didn't made inquiry to Resident-General. I called it ignorance. But it is true that until 1905, Korean did knew about Liancourt Rocks from Japanese fisheremen, western maps and War report of Japan Naval Battle, but there are no slightest hint that Korean even considered Liancourt Rocks were Korean territory.
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GTOMR12/2/09 18:20
To Pacifist,
If you have interesting in the detailed map, please e-mail me ,d
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pacifist12/2/09 21:12
Kaneganese,

Could you please send me an e-mail and let me know the e-mail address of GTOMR?
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Kaneganese12/2/09 22:48
pacifist

I sent you an e-mail. Please check it.
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pacifist12/2/09 23:43
Kaneganese様,

早速のお手配ありがとうございます。
GTOMR様、お時間のある時にメールでお返事をいただければ幸いです。
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GTOMR13/2/09 00:57
To Pacifist;
I sent you a reply mail.

By the way, someone please advice if you know where is the original design of Argonaut island like those map;
(Narrow-wide east-west shape with five leaf? with "argonaut lost her rudder")
Arrow Smith map 1811
Tomson's map 1815
James wyld's 1859

Discovery of Argonaut island by James Colnet, he draw those design above and some description about Argonaut island on his book "Journal of Captain James Colnett Aboard the "Argonaut" from April 26, 1789 to Nov.3, 1791"?
Or he just recorded logtitude/latitude only?
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GTOMR13/2/09 01:02
sorry for double post,

And advice if someone know James Wylde's 1868 map which draws Seal Island OR Seal Pt on original map? which is correct Island or Point?(Usually other map describes Seal point)
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Katie2/7/11 11:18
Everyone need to have a passport to go to DokDo island in Korea. This days a lot of Japaneses registers that they live there(the trues is no one live there except Koran polices). I sure no one have visited in Dokdo island except Korean. If this Docdo island is belong to Japan why Korean polices there? Why Japaneses can not visit without passport?
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NE Shore of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도)

This satellite photo shows Ulleungdo's neighboring islands of Gwaneumdo (觀音島) and Jukdo (竹島) off Ulleungdo's east shore. Gwaneumdo is only about 100 meters offshore and looks more like a cape than an island. Jukdo is about 2 km offshore. The old Korean name for Jukdo was "Usando" (于山島), as many of Korea's old maps show. Koreans claim that Usando was Korea's old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but they have no documents or maps to prove it. Also, Liancourt Rocks is about ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo and are essentially two islands, but all of Korea's old maps show it as one island just off shore of Ulleungdo.

"Cheonggudo" (靑邱圖) Atlas (1860 - 1872)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed it with a small island off its eastern shore labeled as "Usan" (于山). Hash marks at the bottom of the map showed that Usan was less than 4 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. That would mean that it would be Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo, which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but Dokdo is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo and is essentially two islands, not one. The map is stored in the National Library of Korea.

"Cheonggudo" (靑邱圖) Atlas (1834)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed Usan (于山 - 우산) as a neighboring island just off Ulleungdo's east shore. The hash marks at the bottom of the map showed the island to be about 4 km offshore. Usando was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo, which is about 2.2 km of Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old Korean name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), which is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map and many others prove that claim false. The map is stored in Seoul National University's Kyujanggak Center for Korean Studies.

"Dong Yeodo" (東輿圖) Atlas (1795 - 1800)

This map showed Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a neighboring island labeled as "Usan" (于山 - 우산). Usando (于山島) was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), which is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map and many others prove that claim wrong. The map is stored in Japan's "University of Tsukuba Library" (筑波大学附属図書館).

"Joseon-do" (朝鮮圖) - 1800 - 1822

This map of Ullelungdo (鬱陵島) is from the Korean atlas "Joseon-do" (朝鮮圖), which is believed to have been made sometime between 1800 and 1822. Ulleungdo is shown with a neighboring island labeled as Usan (于山). Koreans claim that Usando (于山島) was the old Korean name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map and many others show that it was Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島), which is Ulleungdo's largest neighboring island and only two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. The map is stored in the Osaka Nakanoshima Library (中之島圖書館).

"Gwandong Bangyeo" (關東方輿) - late 1800s?)

This map of Ulleungdo comes from an atlas entitled "Gwandong Bangyeo" (關東方輿), which was probably made in the late 1800s since the map is very similarly to another map of Ulleungdo that was made between 1884 and 1894. The mapmaker used gridlines to help show relative size and distance. The map shows Ulleungdo with a small island off its east shore labeled as "Usan" (于山), which was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도). Jukdo is Ulleungdo's largest neighoring island and is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old Korean name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but they have no maps or documents to prove it. The map is stored in the Korean National Library.

"Joseon Jido" (朝鮮地圖) Atlas (1750 - 1768)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed "Usan" (于山 - 우산) as a neighboring island. The grid lines on the map helped show the small island's relative distance from Ulleungdo. Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Korean's claim that Usando was the old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but this map and many others prove that claim false.

Inspector's Map of Ulleungdo (1711)

The map is an inspector's map that showed Ulleungdo with an island off its east shore labeled as "the so-called Usando" (所謂于山島). The small island was also labeled as having "fields of haejang bamboo" (海長竹田). Koreans claim that Usando was Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map shows that it could not have been Dokdo since Dokdo is just rocks without the soil to grow haejang bamboo. Also, Usando was shown as a neighboring island of Ulleungdo, but Dokdo is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo. Stored in Seoul Nat'l University's Kyujanggak Institute of Korean Studies.

"Haejwa Jeondo" (海左全圖) - mid 1800s

This old Korean map showed Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a small neighboring island just off its east shore labeled as "Usan" (于山 - 우산). Koreans claim that Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map is evidence against the Korean claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands 92 kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but the Usan on this map is just off Ulleungdo's east shore and is only one island. In fact, Usando was the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is only two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore.

Carte de la Coree (1846)

This map was made iin 1846 by Kim Dae-geon (金大建), who was Korea's first Catholic priest. He made this map for the benefit of the French priest he works with. He was killed by the Joseon government the same year this map was made. The map shows Ulleungdo labeled in French as "Oulangto" and its neighboring island of Usando labeled as "Ousan." Koreans claim that Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rock), but this map shows Usando as one island just of the east shore of Ulleungdo. That tells us that Usando was almost certainly Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is only 2 kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. Also, this island could not have been Liancourt Rocks since Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands not one. The original of this map is stored in the National Library of France.

Joseon Jeondo (朝鮮全圖) from the "Gakdo Jido" (各道地圖) Atlas (latter 18th c.)

This old Korean map showed an island labeled as "Usando" (于山島 - 우산도) just off the east shore of Ulleundo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도). Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map is more evidence against that claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map shows Usando as one island just off Ulleungdo's east shore. Usando was, in fact, the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. This map is stored in Korea's Yeongnam University Museum.

"Joseon Jido" (朝鮮地圖) Atlas (1898)

"Donggyeong San Cheon - Paldo Jido (東京山川八道地圖) Atlas (date unknown)

"Jeongukdo" (全國圖) from the "Dongguk Daecheondo" (東國大全圖) - 1740

This old Korean map shows Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a small neighboring island just off its east shore labeled as "Usando" (于山島 - 우산도). Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo, but this map is evidence against that claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but the Usando on this map is one island just off the east shore of Ulleungdo. Usando was, in fact, the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. This map is stored in the Korean National Museum.

竹島問題の歴史

11.2.09

1894 French map of Korea and Japan

16 comments: