Dokdo-or-Takeshima?: Chinese Name Glossary

27.5.07

Chinese Name Glossary

一

丁 (cho) - a Japanese unit of measure that equals 109 meters.
丁 (Jeong) - one of the twenty-four compass directions. Jeong is fifteen degrees west of due south.

二

于山島 (Usando) - was the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島), which is 2.2 kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. Many Koreans claim that it was the old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), a small group of rocky islets in the Sea of Japan, but there are no Korean maps or documents to support that claim.

人

伯耆国 (Houki-no kuni) - an old province of Japan in an area that is today the western part of Tottori prefecture (鳥取県). Yonago (米子) was a major castle town in the province.

大

大谷甚吉 (Jinkichi Oya) - a Japanese merchant who lived in the castle town of Yonago (米子) in the Houki province (伯耆国) of Japan in the 1600s. In 1618, Jinkichi Oya and Ichibei Murakawa (村川市兵衛) asked the Shogunate for permission to sail to Takeshima (Ulleungdo). After receiving permission, the Oya and Murakawa families alternated sailing to Ulleungdo each year until the Shogun determined that the island was Korean territory in 1696 and put it off limits. The inscription on Jinkichi Oya's Buddhist memorial tablet reads, "Laid the foundation for travel to Takeshima."

子

子山島 (자산도) - a misspelling of Usando (于山島), which was the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo.

氵

海長竹 (Haejangjuk) - a type of bamboo that can grow up to six meters or more tall. A 1711 Korean map of Ulleungdo, called Ulleungdo-Dohyeong (鬱陵島圖形), showed Ulleungdo with a neighboring island called Usando (于山島). The island was labeled with the characters "所謂于山島 - 海長竹田," which means "the so-called Usando - fields of haejang bamboo." Haejangjuk is normally written as 海藏竹.
江戶 (Edo) - former name of Tokyo, Japan's capital

阝

阿瑟羅州 (Aseullaju) - an old name for Gangneung City, in Korea's Gangwon Province.

斤

所謂于山島 - appears on many old Korean maps of Ulleungdo and literally means "the so-called Usando (于山島)." Usando was the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島), which is 2.2 kilometers of Ulleungdo's east shore. Many Koreans claim that it was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but there are no Korean maps or documents to support that claim.

木

村川市兵衛 (Ichibei Murakawa) - a Japanese merchant who lived in the castle town of Yonago (米子) in the Houki province (伯耆国) of Japan in the 1600s. In 1618, Ichibei Murakawa (村川市兵衛) and Jinkichi Oya (大谷甚吉) asked the Shogunate for permission to sail to Ulleungdo. After receiving permission, the Oya and Murakawa families alternated sailing to Ulleungdo each year until the Shogun determined that the island was Korean territory in 1696 and put it off limits.
松平新太郎 (Matsudaira Shintaro) - the feudal lord of Tottori domain in 1618, when the Oya and Murakawa families received permission to travel to Ulleungdo

臣

臥達里 (Wadalli) - a village on the east shore of Korea's Ulleung Island (Ulleungdo), just opposite Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島).

走

越後国 (Echigo Province) - old province in north-central Japan, bordering the Sea of Japan. In 1617, Jinkichi Oya (大谷甚吉) was returning home from Echigo when a storm blew his ship off course, causing him to drift to Takeshima (Ulleungdo).

長

長鬐牟浦 (Janggi's Mopo) - was a port in the Pohang area of Korea.

門

間 (ken) - a Japanese unit of measure that equals about 1.82 meters, or 1.97 meters when measuring distance.

鳥

鳥取藩 (Tottori Domain) -

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NE Shore of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도)

This satellite photo shows Ulleungdo's neighboring islands of Gwaneumdo (觀音島) and Jukdo (竹島) off Ulleungdo's east shore. Gwaneumdo is only about 100 meters offshore and looks more like a cape than an island. Jukdo is about 2 km offshore. The old Korean name for Jukdo was "Usando" (于山島), as many of Korea's old maps show. Koreans claim that Usando was Korea's old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but they have no documents or maps to prove it. Also, Liancourt Rocks is about ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo and are essentially two islands, but all of Korea's old maps show it as one island just off shore of Ulleungdo.

"Cheonggudo" (靑邱圖) Atlas (1860 - 1872)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed it with a small island off its eastern shore labeled as "Usan" (于山). Hash marks at the bottom of the map showed that Usan was less than 4 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. That would mean that it would be Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo, which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but Dokdo is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo and is essentially two islands, not one. The map is stored in the National Library of Korea.

"Cheonggudo" (靑邱圖) Atlas (1834)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed Usan (于山 - 우산) as a neighboring island just off Ulleungdo's east shore. The hash marks at the bottom of the map showed the island to be about 4 km offshore. Usando was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo, which is about 2.2 km of Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old Korean name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), which is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map and many others prove that claim false. The map is stored in Seoul National University's Kyujanggak Center for Korean Studies.

"Dong Yeodo" (東輿圖) Atlas (1795 - 1800)

This map showed Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a neighboring island labeled as "Usan" (于山 - 우산). Usando (于山島) was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), which is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map and many others prove that claim wrong. The map is stored in Japan's "University of Tsukuba Library" (筑波大学附属図書館).

"Joseon-do" (朝鮮圖) - 1800 - 1822

This map of Ullelungdo (鬱陵島) is from the Korean atlas "Joseon-do" (朝鮮圖), which is believed to have been made sometime between 1800 and 1822. Ulleungdo is shown with a neighboring island labeled as Usan (于山). Koreans claim that Usando (于山島) was the old Korean name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map and many others show that it was Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島), which is Ulleungdo's largest neighboring island and only two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. The map is stored in the Osaka Nakanoshima Library (中之島圖書館).

"Gwandong Bangyeo" (關東方輿) - late 1800s?)

This map of Ulleungdo comes from an atlas entitled "Gwandong Bangyeo" (關東方輿), which was probably made in the late 1800s since the map is very similarly to another map of Ulleungdo that was made between 1884 and 1894. The mapmaker used gridlines to help show relative size and distance. The map shows Ulleungdo with a small island off its east shore labeled as "Usan" (于山), which was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도). Jukdo is Ulleungdo's largest neighoring island and is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old Korean name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but they have no maps or documents to prove it. The map is stored in the Korean National Library.

"Joseon Jido" (朝鮮地圖) Atlas (1750 - 1768)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed "Usan" (于山 - 우산) as a neighboring island. The grid lines on the map helped show the small island's relative distance from Ulleungdo. Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Korean's claim that Usando was the old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but this map and many others prove that claim false.

Inspector's Map of Ulleungdo (1711)

The map is an inspector's map that showed Ulleungdo with an island off its east shore labeled as "the so-called Usando" (所謂于山島). The small island was also labeled as having "fields of haejang bamboo" (海長竹田). Koreans claim that Usando was Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map shows that it could not have been Dokdo since Dokdo is just rocks without the soil to grow haejang bamboo. Also, Usando was shown as a neighboring island of Ulleungdo, but Dokdo is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo. Stored in Seoul Nat'l University's Kyujanggak Institute of Korean Studies.

"Haejwa Jeondo" (海左全圖) - mid 1800s

This old Korean map showed Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a small neighboring island just off its east shore labeled as "Usan" (于山 - 우산). Koreans claim that Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map is evidence against the Korean claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands 92 kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but the Usan on this map is just off Ulleungdo's east shore and is only one island. In fact, Usando was the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is only two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore.

Carte de la Coree (1846)

This map was made iin 1846 by Kim Dae-geon (金大建), who was Korea's first Catholic priest. He made this map for the benefit of the French priest he works with. He was killed by the Joseon government the same year this map was made. The map shows Ulleungdo labeled in French as "Oulangto" and its neighboring island of Usando labeled as "Ousan." Koreans claim that Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rock), but this map shows Usando as one island just of the east shore of Ulleungdo. That tells us that Usando was almost certainly Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is only 2 kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. Also, this island could not have been Liancourt Rocks since Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands not one. The original of this map is stored in the National Library of France.

Joseon Jeondo (朝鮮全圖) from the "Gakdo Jido" (各道地圖) Atlas (latter 18th c.)

This old Korean map showed an island labeled as "Usando" (于山島 - 우산도) just off the east shore of Ulleundo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도). Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map is more evidence against that claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map shows Usando as one island just off Ulleungdo's east shore. Usando was, in fact, the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. This map is stored in Korea's Yeongnam University Museum.

"Joseon Jido" (朝鮮地圖) Atlas (1898)

"Donggyeong San Cheon - Paldo Jido (東京山川八道地圖) Atlas (date unknown)

"Jeongukdo" (全國圖) from the "Dongguk Daecheondo" (東國大全圖) - 1740

This old Korean map shows Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a small neighboring island just off its east shore labeled as "Usando" (于山島 - 우산도). Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo, but this map is evidence against that claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but the Usando on this map is one island just off the east shore of Ulleungdo. Usando was, in fact, the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. This map is stored in the Korean National Museum.

竹島問題の歴史

27.5.07

Chinese Name Glossary

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