Dokdo-or-Takeshima?: Japanese Name Glossary

31.5.07

Japanese Name Glossary

People, placenames, titles, documents, maps, events, and other information related to the Dokdo/Takeshima dispute

長久保赤水 (Nagakubo Sekisui) - 19th century Japanese mapmaker
林子平（Hayashi Shihei）- 18th century Japanese Political-economical researcher(1738-1793)
奥原碧雲(Okuhara Hekiun) - a 19th century Japanese local historian from Matsue, Shimane (1873-1935)
勝海舟(Katsu Kaishuu) - a Japanese naval officer and statesman during the Late Tokugawa shogunate and the Meiji period.
大谷甚吉(Oya Jinkichi) - 17th century Japanese cargo-vessel businessman in Yonago, Tottori. Hedrifted to Takeshima (present Ulleundo) and, together with the Murakawa clan, received permission from the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1618 to harvest the island. The clan also used Matsushima (present-day Takeshima/Liancourt Rocks) as a stopover point, where he also harvested abalone and hunted sea lions.
村川市兵衛(Murakawa Ichibee) - 17th century Japanes cargo-vessel businessman in Yonago, Tottori. He shared the trade on Takeshima(present Ulleundo) and Matsushima (present-day Takeshima/Liancourt Rocks) with the Oya clan.
会津屋八右衛門(Aizuya Yaemon) - 19th century Japanese shipping agent in Iwami, Shimane. He engaged in a contraband trade with Takeshima (present-day Ulleundo), Phillipine and Indonesia to help the sinking economy ofhis 浜田藩(Hamada_Han) by pretending to go to Matsushima (present-day Takeshima/Liancourt Rocks) but going to Ulleungdo, instead. He was excecuted by Shogunate when 間宮林蔵 discovered his illegal activity and reported it to 幕府（Bakuhu) (?-1836)
間宮林蔵(Mamiya Rinzo) - 19th century Japanese explorer, who later in life would become an undercover agent for the Tokugawa shogunate. He is best known for his exploration and mapping of Sakhalin (1775 - 1844).
中井養三郎(Nakai Yousaburou) - 19th Japanese fishery businessman who submitted a petition to incorporate Takeshima(Liancourt Rocks) into Japanese territory.(1864-1934)
江戸(Edo) - An old name of Tokyo
江戸時代(Edo_period) - A period of Japanese history running from 1603 to 1868 that is also called the Tokugawa period.
幕府(Bakuhu) - The Shogunate, or the office of political power in the period of samurai rule.
将軍(Shougun) - A "supreme general of the samurai",a military rank and historical title in Japan. The rank is equivalent to "general," a high officer in an army. As a title, it is the short form of Seii Tai Shougun(征夷大将軍).
藩(Han) - the fiefs of feudal lords of Japan that were created by Toyotomi Hideyoshi and existed until their abolition in 1871, three years after the Meiji Restoration. Most were led by a daimyo with an assessment of 10,000 koku or more. The daimyo swore loyalty to the shogun.
大名(Daimyou) - the most powerful feudal rulers in Japan from the 10th to the 19th century. The term "daimyo" literally means "great name.".
老中(Rojuu) - One of the highest-ranking government posts in Tokugawa Japan. It means elder.The term refers either to individual Elders, or to the Council as a whole.
家老(Karou) - A top-ranking samurai officials and advisors in service to the daimyo(大名) of feudal Japan.
対馬(Tsushima) - An island in Japan, situated in the Tsushima Strait at 34°25'N and 129°20'E.
対馬府中藩（対馬藩）(TsushimaHuchuu_han) - A domain of Japan during the Edo period that controlled Tsushima Province and a small portion of Hizen Province. It was ruled by the Sō clan. Its capital was located in Izuhara.
宗家(Soh_clan) - A Japanese clan that ruled Tsushima Island from the Kamakura period until the end of the Edo period
島根(Shimane) - A Japanese district locates in the Chuugoku region on Honshuu island, Japan. The capital is Matsue. Three old provinces of 石見(Iwami), 出雲(Izumo) and 隠岐(Oki) was consolidated to the prefecture in Meiji period.
隠岐(Oki) - A group of islands in the Sea of Japan, 40 to 80 km north of the Honshuu coast and are part of Shimane Prefecture, Japan.
鳥取(Tottori) - a Japanese district located in the Chūgoku region of Honshū island, Japan. The capital is the city of Tottori.
米子(Yonago) - a city located in the northwest of Tottori, Japan, facing the Sea of Japan, and adjacent to Shimane. It is the prefecture's second largest city after Tottori.
明治(Meiji) - the period which denotes the 45-year reign of Emperor Meiji(明治天皇)(1868-1912)
明治天皇(Meiji Emperor) - The 122nd emperor of Japan, reigning from February 3, 1867 until his death. His personal name was 睦仁 (Mutsuhito).
太政官(Dajoukan) - State Department of Japan's Meiji government.
内務省(Naimusho) - the Cabinet-level ministry established under the Japanese Meiji government that managed the internal affairs of the Empire of Japan from 1873-1947.
外務省(Gaimusho) - The Ministry of Foreign Affairs　of the Japanese government.
文部省(Monbusho) - The Japanese Ministry of Education. At present, it is called The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (文部科学省).
渡邊洪基(Watanabe Kouki) - The author of "Concerning Matsushima" in 1878 when he was a chief director of document section of MOFA. He was born to Medical Doctor's father in Fukui(福井). He became a member of famous The Iwakura Mission or Iwakura Embassy (岩倉使節団, Iwakura Shisetsudan) which started in 1871. Later, he became the governor of Tokyo in 1885, and the first president of Tokyo University in 1886 when he was 39 years old. (1847-1901)

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NE Shore of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도)

This satellite photo shows Ulleungdo's neighboring islands of Gwaneumdo (觀音島) and Jukdo (竹島) off Ulleungdo's east shore. Gwaneumdo is only about 100 meters offshore and looks more like a cape than an island. Jukdo is about 2 km offshore. The old Korean name for Jukdo was "Usando" (于山島), as many of Korea's old maps show. Koreans claim that Usando was Korea's old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but they have no documents or maps to prove it. Also, Liancourt Rocks is about ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo and are essentially two islands, but all of Korea's old maps show it as one island just off shore of Ulleungdo.

"Cheonggudo" (靑邱圖) Atlas (1860 - 1872)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed it with a small island off its eastern shore labeled as "Usan" (于山). Hash marks at the bottom of the map showed that Usan was less than 4 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. That would mean that it would be Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo, which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but Dokdo is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo and is essentially two islands, not one. The map is stored in the National Library of Korea.

"Cheonggudo" (靑邱圖) Atlas (1834)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed Usan (于山 - 우산) as a neighboring island just off Ulleungdo's east shore. The hash marks at the bottom of the map showed the island to be about 4 km offshore. Usando was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo, which is about 2.2 km of Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old Korean name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), which is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map and many others prove that claim false. The map is stored in Seoul National University's Kyujanggak Center for Korean Studies.

"Dong Yeodo" (東輿圖) Atlas (1795 - 1800)

This map showed Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a neighboring island labeled as "Usan" (于山 - 우산). Usando (于山島) was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), which is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map and many others prove that claim wrong. The map is stored in Japan's "University of Tsukuba Library" (筑波大学附属図書館).

"Joseon-do" (朝鮮圖) - 1800 - 1822

This map of Ullelungdo (鬱陵島) is from the Korean atlas "Joseon-do" (朝鮮圖), which is believed to have been made sometime between 1800 and 1822. Ulleungdo is shown with a neighboring island labeled as Usan (于山). Koreans claim that Usando (于山島) was the old Korean name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map and many others show that it was Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島), which is Ulleungdo's largest neighboring island and only two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. The map is stored in the Osaka Nakanoshima Library (中之島圖書館).

"Gwandong Bangyeo" (關東方輿) - late 1800s?)

This map of Ulleungdo comes from an atlas entitled "Gwandong Bangyeo" (關東方輿), which was probably made in the late 1800s since the map is very similarly to another map of Ulleungdo that was made between 1884 and 1894. The mapmaker used gridlines to help show relative size and distance. The map shows Ulleungdo with a small island off its east shore labeled as "Usan" (于山), which was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도). Jukdo is Ulleungdo's largest neighoring island and is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old Korean name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but they have no maps or documents to prove it. The map is stored in the Korean National Library.

"Joseon Jido" (朝鮮地圖) Atlas (1750 - 1768)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed "Usan" (于山 - 우산) as a neighboring island. The grid lines on the map helped show the small island's relative distance from Ulleungdo. Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Korean's claim that Usando was the old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but this map and many others prove that claim false.

Inspector's Map of Ulleungdo (1711)

The map is an inspector's map that showed Ulleungdo with an island off its east shore labeled as "the so-called Usando" (所謂于山島). The small island was also labeled as having "fields of haejang bamboo" (海長竹田). Koreans claim that Usando was Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map shows that it could not have been Dokdo since Dokdo is just rocks without the soil to grow haejang bamboo. Also, Usando was shown as a neighboring island of Ulleungdo, but Dokdo is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo. Stored in Seoul Nat'l University's Kyujanggak Institute of Korean Studies.

"Haejwa Jeondo" (海左全圖) - mid 1800s

This old Korean map showed Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a small neighboring island just off its east shore labeled as "Usan" (于山 - 우산). Koreans claim that Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map is evidence against the Korean claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands 92 kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but the Usan on this map is just off Ulleungdo's east shore and is only one island. In fact, Usando was the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is only two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore.

Carte de la Coree (1846)

This map was made iin 1846 by Kim Dae-geon (金大建), who was Korea's first Catholic priest. He made this map for the benefit of the French priest he works with. He was killed by the Joseon government the same year this map was made. The map shows Ulleungdo labeled in French as "Oulangto" and its neighboring island of Usando labeled as "Ousan." Koreans claim that Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rock), but this map shows Usando as one island just of the east shore of Ulleungdo. That tells us that Usando was almost certainly Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is only 2 kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. Also, this island could not have been Liancourt Rocks since Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands not one. The original of this map is stored in the National Library of France.

Joseon Jeondo (朝鮮全圖) from the "Gakdo Jido" (各道地圖) Atlas (latter 18th c.)

This old Korean map showed an island labeled as "Usando" (于山島 - 우산도) just off the east shore of Ulleundo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도). Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map is more evidence against that claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map shows Usando as one island just off Ulleungdo's east shore. Usando was, in fact, the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. This map is stored in Korea's Yeongnam University Museum.

"Joseon Jido" (朝鮮地圖) Atlas (1898)

"Donggyeong San Cheon - Paldo Jido (東京山川八道地圖) Atlas (date unknown)

"Jeongukdo" (全國圖) from the "Dongguk Daecheondo" (東國大全圖) - 1740

This old Korean map shows Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a small neighboring island just off its east shore labeled as "Usando" (于山島 - 우산도). Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo, but this map is evidence against that claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but the Usando on this map is one island just off the east shore of Ulleungdo. Usando was, in fact, the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. This map is stored in the Korean National Museum.

竹島問題の歴史

31.5.07

Japanese Name Glossary

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