Dokdo-or-Takeshima?: Samcheok Museum's "Ulleungdo Dohyeong"

22.3.08

Samcheok Museum's "Ulleungdo Dohyeong"

Below is an old Korean map of Ulleungdo called "Ulleungdo Dohyeong" (鬱陵島圖形). The exact date of the map is unknown, but it is believed to have been made sometime in the latter part of the Joseon Dynasty (1392 - 1910), before 1882. The map is the property of the Samcheok Municipal Museum (三陟市立博物館).

Could we work on translating it together?

10 comments:

GTOMR22/3/08 23:52
I imput the Chinese Charactor to make it clear on the Map.

Samchok museum Map of Ulluengdo

Nearby 沙汰仇味 there are a prominent rocks
Check 沙汰XX in the 1918 map.(southwest/nearby 南陽堂),considered to be 鳳巖

It seems doubt that this map is published on 1702.....

The text on the right side it seems small rock’s height and explanation? but I cannot read it clearly.

Then they wrote how many and who join the inspection.
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Gerry Bevers23/3/08 01:38
Hi gtomr,

Good job, but I think the two islands are labeled 大于島 (Dae-Udo) and 小于島 (So-Udo), not 大干島 (Dae Gando) and 小干島 (So Gando).

Much of the writing on the right is strange to me, but it seems to be a list of products brought back, rather than a description of the land. The length (長) and width (廣) measurements could be describing trees and bamboo brought back. One product I do recognize it the ""five seung of ocher (朱土五升).

Also, besides the product list, it lists the members of the inspection party and gives the circumference of the island.

Anyway, there still seems to be a lot of mystery to this map. I still wonder who made it and when.
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Kaneganese23/3/08 17:22
Thank you for the photo, Gerry.

All I could read was as follows. I omitted many words from the list, since they looks like just a explanation of the product. And I put ● which I couldn't read.
I'll add more information later when I have more time.

　　封●(契?)
●壇香元封ニ吐内
　一●(口:left 大:right)六尺一寸...
　一●(口:left 大:right)長二尺寸...
香板加封立内
　一立長六尺...
　一立長三尺...
　　　　　・
　　　　　・
　　　　　・
　一立長ニ尺...
青竹三籠...
朱土六升
可支魚皮ニ令

巡営細紫壇香三吠内
　一●(口:left 大:right)長二尺一寸廣五寸伍●厚五寸五分
　一●(口:left 大:right)長六●一尺●四寸●四寸
香板一立●三尺八寸廣一尺一寸●二寸
●竹●●
朱土五升
可支魚皮小魚

京営●将●ニ歩量●造成具●金次

鬱陵島図形周回僅可百餘里

　営将一●
　　倭学一名
　　軍官二名
　　営●一名
　　吏●一名
　　庫子一名
　　望年二名　　吐堅一名
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Gerry Bevers23/3/08 21:46
Hi Kaneganese,

Using some of your characters, here is what it looks like to me:

封古

名*壇香元封ニ吐內
一吐長六尺一寸五分廣三寸七分 *三寸七分
一吐長二尺寸一*分廣四寸五分 *四寸五分

香板*封十立內
一立長三尺九寸廣一尺*分*二寸*分
一立長三尺九寸廣一尺*二寸
一立長三尺六寸廣一尺*一寸九分
(立長三尺九寸廣一尺*一寸九分)
一立長三尺五寸廣九寸六分*一寸九分
一立長三尺四寸廣八寸*二*
一立長三尺三寸廣九寸****分
一立長三尺二寸廣六寸*二寸
一立長二尺六寸廣一尺五寸*二寸
一立長二尺六寸廣六寸*一寸六分
一立長二尺四寸廣八寸*六寸

靑竹三籠...
朱土六升
..魚皮ニ*

巡*****二吐*
一吐長二尺*寸廣五寸五分*五寸
一吐長六*一尺廣四寸*四寸

香板一立*三尺八寸廣一尺一寸*二寸
靑竹**
朱土五升
可支魚***

京***ニ部量*造成具*金*

鬱陵島圖形周回僅可百餘里

營將一
倭學一名
軍官二名
營吏一名
吏*一名
庫子一名
望牢二名都*一名

If anyone finds any mistakes, please let us know.
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Gerry Bevers23/3/08 21:59
I have added another image to the post that is a partial image of the text on the right. I added it because it is a little clearer and may help people recognize the Chinese characters.
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GTOMR23/3/08 22:12
As Mr.Gerry refers, those are product list

Samchok map of of Ullunegdo Product List

There are hints those products on 1786~1831 inspector report

And the two map in samchok and korea central library matchs especially 1827 or 1831

1786
1794
1807
1827
1831

I wonder why no many inspection afater 1831 to 1882???And how Takeshima reserch center recognized the year of those maps.
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Anonymous26/3/08 05:21
厚=thickness
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Gerry Bevers26/3/08 08:36
Thank you, Anonymous. I was hoping someone would tell me what that character was.
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GTOMR4/4/08 00:38
Direct link to Samchok museum about this map
http://www.scm.go.kr/bor/bor_data.jsp

(Choose no.41 울릉도 도형 )

direct link from Samchok museum map here;
http://www.scm.go.kr/downfile/dat/57/20080331113527000울릉도도형.jpg
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Gerry Bevers4/4/08 01:09
Thanks, GTOMR.

The Korean says the map is believed to have been made in the 19th century. It mentions that previous maps did not use the term 仇味 to refer to the coves on Ulleungdo. Another unique characteristic of the map is that it lists the products the inspector brought back to present to the government.

By the way, I think one of the reasons inspectors brought back a select number of products from the island was to prove that they had actually gone to the island.

Also, I have noticed on the two islands labeled 大于島 and 小于島 that the mapmaker tried to draw the caves that are on the back sides of Jukdo (竹島) and Gwaneumdo (觀音島). Jukdo has three or four cave-like hollows and Gwaneumdo has two caves on the sides facing away from the main island of Ulleungdo.

The following link is a picture that shows the backside of Jukdo:

Photo of Jukdo
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NE Shore of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도)

This satellite photo shows Ulleungdo's neighboring islands of Gwaneumdo (觀音島) and Jukdo (竹島) off Ulleungdo's east shore. Gwaneumdo is only about 100 meters offshore and looks more like a cape than an island. Jukdo is about 2 km offshore. The old Korean name for Jukdo was "Usando" (于山島), as many of Korea's old maps show. Koreans claim that Usando was Korea's old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but they have no documents or maps to prove it. Also, Liancourt Rocks is about ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo and are essentially two islands, but all of Korea's old maps show it as one island just off shore of Ulleungdo.

"Cheonggudo" (靑邱圖) Atlas (1860 - 1872)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed it with a small island off its eastern shore labeled as "Usan" (于山). Hash marks at the bottom of the map showed that Usan was less than 4 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. That would mean that it would be Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo, which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but Dokdo is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo and is essentially two islands, not one. The map is stored in the National Library of Korea.

"Cheonggudo" (靑邱圖) Atlas (1834)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed Usan (于山 - 우산) as a neighboring island just off Ulleungdo's east shore. The hash marks at the bottom of the map showed the island to be about 4 km offshore. Usando was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo, which is about 2.2 km of Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old Korean name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), which is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map and many others prove that claim false. The map is stored in Seoul National University's Kyujanggak Center for Korean Studies.

"Dong Yeodo" (東輿圖) Atlas (1795 - 1800)

This map showed Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a neighboring island labeled as "Usan" (于山 - 우산). Usando (于山島) was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), which is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map and many others prove that claim wrong. The map is stored in Japan's "University of Tsukuba Library" (筑波大学附属図書館).

"Joseon-do" (朝鮮圖) - 1800 - 1822

This map of Ullelungdo (鬱陵島) is from the Korean atlas "Joseon-do" (朝鮮圖), which is believed to have been made sometime between 1800 and 1822. Ulleungdo is shown with a neighboring island labeled as Usan (于山). Koreans claim that Usando (于山島) was the old Korean name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map and many others show that it was Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島), which is Ulleungdo's largest neighboring island and only two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. The map is stored in the Osaka Nakanoshima Library (中之島圖書館).

"Gwandong Bangyeo" (關東方輿) - late 1800s?)

This map of Ulleungdo comes from an atlas entitled "Gwandong Bangyeo" (關東方輿), which was probably made in the late 1800s since the map is very similarly to another map of Ulleungdo that was made between 1884 and 1894. The mapmaker used gridlines to help show relative size and distance. The map shows Ulleungdo with a small island off its east shore labeled as "Usan" (于山), which was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도). Jukdo is Ulleungdo's largest neighoring island and is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old Korean name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but they have no maps or documents to prove it. The map is stored in the Korean National Library.

"Joseon Jido" (朝鮮地圖) Atlas (1750 - 1768)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed "Usan" (于山 - 우산) as a neighboring island. The grid lines on the map helped show the small island's relative distance from Ulleungdo. Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Korean's claim that Usando was the old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but this map and many others prove that claim false.

Inspector's Map of Ulleungdo (1711)

The map is an inspector's map that showed Ulleungdo with an island off its east shore labeled as "the so-called Usando" (所謂于山島). The small island was also labeled as having "fields of haejang bamboo" (海長竹田). Koreans claim that Usando was Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map shows that it could not have been Dokdo since Dokdo is just rocks without the soil to grow haejang bamboo. Also, Usando was shown as a neighboring island of Ulleungdo, but Dokdo is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo. Stored in Seoul Nat'l University's Kyujanggak Institute of Korean Studies.

"Haejwa Jeondo" (海左全圖) - mid 1800s

This old Korean map showed Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a small neighboring island just off its east shore labeled as "Usan" (于山 - 우산). Koreans claim that Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map is evidence against the Korean claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands 92 kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but the Usan on this map is just off Ulleungdo's east shore and is only one island. In fact, Usando was the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is only two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore.

Carte de la Coree (1846)

This map was made iin 1846 by Kim Dae-geon (金大建), who was Korea's first Catholic priest. He made this map for the benefit of the French priest he works with. He was killed by the Joseon government the same year this map was made. The map shows Ulleungdo labeled in French as "Oulangto" and its neighboring island of Usando labeled as "Ousan." Koreans claim that Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rock), but this map shows Usando as one island just of the east shore of Ulleungdo. That tells us that Usando was almost certainly Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is only 2 kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. Also, this island could not have been Liancourt Rocks since Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands not one. The original of this map is stored in the National Library of France.

Joseon Jeondo (朝鮮全圖) from the "Gakdo Jido" (各道地圖) Atlas (latter 18th c.)

This old Korean map showed an island labeled as "Usando" (于山島 - 우산도) just off the east shore of Ulleundo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도). Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map is more evidence against that claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map shows Usando as one island just off Ulleungdo's east shore. Usando was, in fact, the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. This map is stored in Korea's Yeongnam University Museum.

"Joseon Jido" (朝鮮地圖) Atlas (1898)

"Donggyeong San Cheon - Paldo Jido (東京山川八道地圖) Atlas (date unknown)

"Jeongukdo" (全國圖) from the "Dongguk Daecheondo" (東國大全圖) - 1740

This old Korean map shows Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a small neighboring island just off its east shore labeled as "Usando" (于山島 - 우산도). Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo, but this map is evidence against that claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but the Usando on this map is one island just off the east shore of Ulleungdo. Usando was, in fact, the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. This map is stored in the Korean National Museum.

竹島問題の歴史

22.3.08

Samcheok Museum's "Ulleungdo Dohyeong"

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