Dokdo-or-Takeshima?: Samcheok Museum's "Ulleungdo Dohyeong" (鬱陵島圖形)

12.3.08

Samcheok Museum's "Ulleungdo Dohyeong" (鬱陵島圖形)

Below is an old Korean map of the Korean island of Ulleungdo, entitled "Ulleungdo Dohyeong" (鬱陵島圖形). The map is the property of the Samcheok Municipal Museum (三陟市立博物館), but is currently on display at the Gyeonggi Cultural Foundation (京畿文化材團) Art Center in Suwon until March 31. The exact date of the map is unknown, but it is believed to have been made sometime in the latter part of the Joseon Dynasty (1392 - 1910), before 1882.

For some reason, Ulleungdo was drawn upside down on the map since the top of the map shows the southern shore and the bottom shows the northern shore. Accordingly, Ulleungdo's eastern shore appears on the left side of the map. One of the interesting things about this map is that the two largest islands off Ulleungdo's eastern shore (left side) are labeled 大于島 (Dae-Udo) and 小于島 (So-Udo), which literally mean "large Udo" and "small Udo," respectively. The "large Udo" is believed to have been Ulleungdo's present-day neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島), which is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's eastern shore, while the "small Udo" is believed to have been Ulleungdo's Gwaneumdo (觀音島), which is about 100 meters offshore.

Korean Link

11 comments:

GTOMR13/3/08 00:56
This map is strange and I wanna know some about the map.
1.Why Big Usando大于島（竹嶼） and small usando小于島（観音島） in the leftside of the Map and Hole rocks孔岩 and Samseon Rocks三仙岩 on down side.
2.A rock/island upper right side of
3.The text which written in right side of.
I guess it is pruduct list or Ulleungdo's geegraphy information.

Mr,Gerry, do you go to Suwon to see this?
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Gerry Bevers13/3/08 07:04
Hi gtomr,

I have not yet been to the exhibition in Suwon, but I have been to the Samcheok Museum and viewed the map through its glass display case.

As I said, the reason the "large Udo" and "small Udo" appear on the left side of the map is because the map was drawn upside down. I assume the map was drawn first and the list added later, so maybe the person who added the list was the one who got the map turned around.

I do not remember what was written next to the rock islet in the upper right-hand corner of the map, but I think the writing to the left of that rock (from left to right) started with 通仇味, which was followed by 午 (south). Then I think that was followed by 都*仇味 and 女草仇味.

I am not sure what the list to the far right was, but the short list just to the right of the island listed the name of the map (鬱陵島圖形), the circumference of the island (100 里), and the number of people (listed by their titles) in the inspection party. For example, there was one 왜學 (Japanese translator) and two 軍官 (military officers).

If I have time before the end of March, I will try to go to Suwon to see the map up close and get some more information.
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Gerry Bevers13/3/08 07:40
Correction: That should be 桶仇味, not 通仇味, and *草仇味, not 女草仇味.
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Gerry Bevers13/3/08 08:33
GTOMR,

I just looked at the Ulleungdo Dohyeong (鬱陵島圖形) that is stored in the National Libarary of Korea, and believe that the names of the three coves on the southern shore of that map have the same names as the coves on the southern coast of the Samcheok Museum map, expect that the characters for 仇味 are different. By the way, do you know the first Chinese character in *草龜尾 and the second one in 都*龜尾 on the National Library map?
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GTOMR13/3/08 19:53
Mr.Gerry,
＞By the way, do you know the first Chinese character in *草龜尾 and the second one in 都*龜尾 on the National Library map?

I guess it is 都蔵龜尾 and 萍卓龜尾

We need to know what is written in this map on Right side. There are no many map with explanation of Ulleungdo details.
Unfortunately the report of 1696　by 張漢相 have only Ulleundo detail reports but there are no detail map. In addition, map c.a 1699 (Korea national library) have no report of Ulluengdo geography details and Map on 1711 as well.
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Gerry Bevers13/3/08 20:41
Thank you, GTOMR.

So the three coves on the southern shore of the Samcheok Museum map are as follows:

桶仇味 (Tong Gumi)
都蔵仇味 (Dojang Gumi)
萍草仇味 (Pyeongcho Gumi)

I believe the Ulleungdo map in the National Library of Korea was made after the 1711 map because it has more placenames on it than the 1711 map does. In fact, I think it was probably made sometime just before or after the 1794 survey of Ulleungdo.
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GTOMR15/3/08 16:13
Before I thought the map c.a. 1699 is the information around early 19th century because the map information matchs the record around late of 18C to early 19th century, especially record of 1831.As you said, those two map place mark is much detals than other maps. But Takeshima reserch center judged that, I remember Kaneganese posted before, Takeshima Reserch Center judged the published year of two map from the discription of inspector's name or Zodiac Sign.I hope they will disclosure all the discription of this two maps.

Although the Two maps has much placemark and correct each island shapes like Jukdo-Big Usando and Gwaneumdo-Small usando, and Hole rocks and so on, than other maps e.g. 1711 Usando with Hanjing bamboo, there are less information as follows

1.Those two maps（c.a. 1699 and 1702)have no distance measure from 聖人峯/中峯/三峯 to the prominent places on Ulleungdo like 黄土仇味（West)　玄圃（north) 楮田（northeast) and 道洞（southeast)
The map after 1711c.a, allmost all the map has the distance measure from Three Peaks.

2.Those two maps（c.a. 1699 and 1702) has no 刻石立標/刻板立標識。
This signboard is significant for territorial claim of Ulluengdo toward Japan on 倭船倉。

So anyway we must check this map again, all the place of name on map section(left) and all the discription on the text section(right)written by Chinese charactor.

And Im much interesting in the Island and Peninsula which was written in the upper right of Ulluengdo map of Samchok museum Ullungdo maps.
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Gerry Bevers15/3/08 16:35
gtomr,

How to you pronounce the following in Japanese?

1) 干島
2) 于島
3) 牛島
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GTOMR15/3/08 17:17
Mr Gerry;

1) 干
JP:KANG/HO-su/HI-ru/
CH:GAN

2) 于
JP:U/KU/YU
CH:YU

3) 牛
JP:USHI/GYUU/
CH:Niu

4）子
JP:SHI/SU/KO
CH:Zi(zu)

5）千
JP:SEN/CHI
CH:Qian(Cheng)

6)島
JP:SHIMA/TOU/DOU
CH:DAO(tao)
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Gerry Bevers15/3/08 23:30
Thank you, GTOMR.
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Kaneganese16/3/08 00:04
Thank you for the information, Gerry

I didn't know there are so many descriptions on the right side. I wish I could read all the labels and descriptions on the map, but they are too small to read. If you have a chance to go to Suwon, please write them down for us !!
I did thought it was more recent just like GTOMR before, but I'm not sure right now. We really need more information.

By the way, I noticed that half-moon stopped posting his propaganda for almost a month on yahoo!Japan BBS.

Anyway, I'd have more free time from Monday and I'll resume translation.
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NE Shore of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도)

This satellite photo shows Ulleungdo's neighboring islands of Gwaneumdo (觀音島) and Jukdo (竹島) off Ulleungdo's east shore. Gwaneumdo is only about 100 meters offshore and looks more like a cape than an island. Jukdo is about 2 km offshore. The old Korean name for Jukdo was "Usando" (于山島), as many of Korea's old maps show. Koreans claim that Usando was Korea's old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but they have no documents or maps to prove it. Also, Liancourt Rocks is about ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo and are essentially two islands, but all of Korea's old maps show it as one island just off shore of Ulleungdo.

"Cheonggudo" (靑邱圖) Atlas (1860 - 1872)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed it with a small island off its eastern shore labeled as "Usan" (于山). Hash marks at the bottom of the map showed that Usan was less than 4 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. That would mean that it would be Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo, which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but Dokdo is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo and is essentially two islands, not one. The map is stored in the National Library of Korea.

"Cheonggudo" (靑邱圖) Atlas (1834)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed Usan (于山 - 우산) as a neighboring island just off Ulleungdo's east shore. The hash marks at the bottom of the map showed the island to be about 4 km offshore. Usando was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo, which is about 2.2 km of Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old Korean name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), which is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map and many others prove that claim false. The map is stored in Seoul National University's Kyujanggak Center for Korean Studies.

"Dong Yeodo" (東輿圖) Atlas (1795 - 1800)

This map showed Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a neighboring island labeled as "Usan" (于山 - 우산). Usando (于山島) was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), which is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map and many others prove that claim wrong. The map is stored in Japan's "University of Tsukuba Library" (筑波大学附属図書館).

"Joseon-do" (朝鮮圖) - 1800 - 1822

This map of Ullelungdo (鬱陵島) is from the Korean atlas "Joseon-do" (朝鮮圖), which is believed to have been made sometime between 1800 and 1822. Ulleungdo is shown with a neighboring island labeled as Usan (于山). Koreans claim that Usando (于山島) was the old Korean name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map and many others show that it was Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島), which is Ulleungdo's largest neighboring island and only two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. The map is stored in the Osaka Nakanoshima Library (中之島圖書館).

"Gwandong Bangyeo" (關東方輿) - late 1800s?)

This map of Ulleungdo comes from an atlas entitled "Gwandong Bangyeo" (關東方輿), which was probably made in the late 1800s since the map is very similarly to another map of Ulleungdo that was made between 1884 and 1894. The mapmaker used gridlines to help show relative size and distance. The map shows Ulleungdo with a small island off its east shore labeled as "Usan" (于山), which was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도). Jukdo is Ulleungdo's largest neighoring island and is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. Koreans claim that Usando was the old Korean name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but they have no maps or documents to prove it. The map is stored in the Korean National Library.

"Joseon Jido" (朝鮮地圖) Atlas (1750 - 1768)

This Korean map of Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) showed "Usan" (于山 - 우산) as a neighboring island. The grid lines on the map helped show the small island's relative distance from Ulleungdo. Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old Korean name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about 2.2 km off Ulleungdo's east shore. Korean's claim that Usando was the old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but this map and many others prove that claim false.

Inspector's Map of Ulleungdo (1711)

The map is an inspector's map that showed Ulleungdo with an island off its east shore labeled as "the so-called Usando" (所謂于山島). The small island was also labeled as having "fields of haejang bamboo" (海長竹田). Koreans claim that Usando was Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map shows that it could not have been Dokdo since Dokdo is just rocks without the soil to grow haejang bamboo. Also, Usando was shown as a neighboring island of Ulleungdo, but Dokdo is 92 km southeast of Ulleungdo. Stored in Seoul Nat'l University's Kyujanggak Institute of Korean Studies.

"Haejwa Jeondo" (海左全圖) - mid 1800s

This old Korean map showed Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a small neighboring island just off its east shore labeled as "Usan" (于山 - 우산). Koreans claim that Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map is evidence against the Korean claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands 92 kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but the Usan on this map is just off Ulleungdo's east shore and is only one island. In fact, Usando was the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is only two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore.

Carte de la Coree (1846)

This map was made iin 1846 by Kim Dae-geon (金大建), who was Korea's first Catholic priest. He made this map for the benefit of the French priest he works with. He was killed by the Joseon government the same year this map was made. The map shows Ulleungdo labeled in French as "Oulangto" and its neighboring island of Usando labeled as "Ousan." Koreans claim that Usando (于山島 - 우산도) was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rock), but this map shows Usando as one island just of the east shore of Ulleungdo. That tells us that Usando was almost certainly Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is only 2 kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. Also, this island could not have been Liancourt Rocks since Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands not one. The original of this map is stored in the National Library of France.

Joseon Jeondo (朝鮮全圖) from the "Gakdo Jido" (各道地圖) Atlas (latter 18th c.)

This old Korean map showed an island labeled as "Usando" (于山島 - 우산도) just off the east shore of Ulleundo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도). Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo (Liancourt Rocks), but this map is more evidence against that claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but this map shows Usando as one island just off Ulleungdo's east shore. Usando was, in fact, the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. This map is stored in Korea's Yeongnam University Museum.

"Joseon Jido" (朝鮮地圖) Atlas (1898)

"Donggyeong San Cheon - Paldo Jido (東京山川八道地圖) Atlas (date unknown)

"Jeongukdo" (全國圖) from the "Dongguk Daecheondo" (東國大全圖) - 1740

This old Korean map shows Ulleungdo (鬱陵島 - 울릉도) with a small neighboring island just off its east shore labeled as "Usando" (于山島 - 우산도). Koreans claim that Usando was the old name for Dokdo, but this map is evidence against that claim. Liancourt Rocks is essentially two islands ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo, but the Usando on this map is one island just off the east shore of Ulleungdo. Usando was, in fact, the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島 - 죽도), which is about two kilometers off Ulleungdo's east shore. This map is stored in the Korean National Museum.

竹島問題の歴史

12.3.08

Samcheok Museum's "Ulleungdo Dohyeong" (鬱陵島圖形)

11 comments: