竹島問題の歴史

5.2.08

Chungwanji (春官志): "Ulleungdo is called Sambongdo (三峯島)"

In 1744, King Yeongjo (英祖) commanded Lee Maeng-hyu (李孟休) to compile a book of rites, customs, and legal precedents. The result was a 3-volume set of books called the "Chungwanji" (春官志).

The third volume of the set included exchanges between Korea's emissaries to Japan and their Japanese counterparts. Among the exchanges in the book was one entitled "The Ulleungdo Boundary Dispute" (鬱陵島 爭界), which was a 14-page description of Ulleungdo and the territorial dispute over the island between Korea and Japan following the An Yong-bok (安龍福) incident in the 1690s.

I hope to translate into English all fourteen pages of "The Ulleungdo Boundary Dispute" in the near future, but now I just want to introduce a short discription of Ulleungdo from the book that I found interesting because it clearly says that another name for Ulleungdo was "Sambongdo" (三峯島), which means "Island of Three Peaks." That is interesting because Korea has claimed that Sambongdo was an old name for "Dokdo" (Liancourt Rocks), but she has no documents or maps to back up that claim. On the other hand, the three high peaks of Ulleungdo were frequently mentioned in old documents.

Here is the quote for the "Chungwanji" (春官志):

盖 是島 以其産竹也 故 謂 竹島 以有三峯也 故謂 三峯島 至於 于山 羽陵 蔚陵 武陵 礒竹 皆音 轉 訛而然 也

대개 이 섬은 대가 나는 까닭에 죽도(竹島)라 이르고 세 봉우리가 있기 때문에 삼봉도(三峰島)라 하며, 우산(于山)이니, 우릉(羽陵)이니 울릉(蔚陵)이니 무릉(武陵)이니 의죽(礒竹)이니 하는 것은 모두가 발음이 잘못 전해져 그런 것이다.

In general, this island is called Jukdo (竹島) because bamboo (竹) grows on it. It is called Sambongdo (三峰島) because it has "three peaks" (三峰). Usan (于山), Uleung (羽陵), Ulleung (蔚陵), Muleung (武陵), and Wuijuk (礒竹) are all mispronunciations.

Chungwanji 03a

The above quote also appeared in the late 19th century Korean text, "Dongjeongo" (東典考), which you can see below:

以産竹故謂竹島有三峯故謂三峰島于山羽陵蔚陵武陵蟻竹皆音訛而然也[春官誌]
Late 19th c. - Dongjeongo 03

6 comments:

  1. Gerry,

    Where can I get the third volume of 春官誌? I checked kyujangkak site, but there are only two of them. I'm looking for the part "
    倭、今に至るまで、復た鬱陵を指して日本の地と為さず。皆龍福の功なり (Japanese until today do not claim Ulleungdo as Japanese territory.The credit should go to Ahn)" in the original document. If you could find the part, could you please post the page and the lines in Chinese?

    Thank you, as always.

    ReplyDelete
  2. Hi Kaneganese,

    The line you are referring to is in the last line of the section entitled, 鬱陵島 爭界, which, as you said, is in the third volume of the text. I do not have a transcription of the whole Chinese text, but the following seems to be the way Koreans are transcribing the quote you mentioned:

    倭至今不復指鬱陵爲日本地皆龍福之功也.

    Even today, the Japanese cannot say Ulleungdo is Japanese land, and it is all thanks to Yong-bok.

    Click the link HERE to see the page the quote came from.

    I will try to translate the relevant fourteen pages of that document this week, and will post the translation with copies of the pages from the text.

    ReplyDelete
  3. Thank you, Gerry.

    This part of Ulleundo of 「春官志」 referred the book 「星湖僿說 鬱陵島條」by his father 李瀷(1681-1763), right?

    ReplyDelete
  4. Anonymous13/2/08 22:51

    Kaneganese, if you are trying to use this quote as a shabby attempt to slyly interpret this to Chosun thought Japan had a claim to Takeshima ealier you are dead wrong.

    This quote simply shows how Anyongbok was instrumental into getting the Japanese as a nation to stop trespassing in the region. There was correspondence by Chosun telling Japan that Ulleungdo was Chosun territory after the first Anyongbok incident.

    Even in the early 15th Centry Chosun told the lord of Tsushima to stay off of Ulleungdo. (Mulleung)

    You can read it here.

    Tsushima 1407 Document"

    ReplyDelete
  5. Kaneganese,

    I did not see the 星湖僿說 鬱陵島條 mentioned in the 春官志.

    By the way, I finished checking that one translation you asked for. It was written better than I first thought.

    Good night.

    ReplyDelete
  6. Thank you, Gerry !
    I really appreciate that.

    And I'm looking forward to reading the rest of pages translated.

    Good night.

    ReplyDelete

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